Consumer basket - an approximate calculation set, an assortment of goods characterizing the typical level and structure of the monthly (annual) consumption of a person or family [1] . This set is used to calculate the minimum consumer budget (living wage), based on the cost of the consumer basket in current prices. In addition, the consumer basket serves as a basis for comparing calculated and real levels of consumption, as well as a basis for determining the purchasing power of currencies.
According to another definition, a consumer basket is “the minimum set of food products necessary for maintaining human health and ensuring its vital functions, as well as non-food goods and services, the cost of which is determined in relation to the cost of a minimum set of food products” [2] .
Content
In Russia
The consumer basket is used to calculate the subsistence level , as well as to compare the integral food prices in different regions. In 1992-1999, the cost of living was calculated based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Labor of Russia [3] [4] .
On March 31, 2006, Federal Law No. 44-ФЗ On the Consumer Basket as a Whole in the Russian Federation was adopted [5] . It has lost force in connection with the adoption of Federal Law No. 227-ФЗ dated December 3, 2012, which established the following consumer basket [6] :
| Name | unit of measurement | Volume of consumption (average per person per year) | For comparison: in the USSR (1989) | ||
| able-bodied population | seniors | children | |||
| Bread products ( bread and pasta in terms of flour , cereals , legumes ) | kg | 126.5 | 98.2 | 77.6 | 110 |
| Potatoes | kg | 100,4 | 80.0 | 88.1 | 105 |
| Vegetables and gourds | kg | 114.6 | 98.0 | 112.5 | 146 |
| Fresh fruits | kg | 60.0 | 45.0 | 118.1 | 80 |
| Sugar and confectionery in terms of sugar | kg | 23.8 | 21,2 | 21.8 | 38 |
| Meat products | kg | 58.6 | 54.0 | 44.0 | 84 |
| Fish products | kg | 18.5 | 16,0 | 18.6 | 20 |
| Milk and milk products in terms of milk | kg | 290.0 | 257.8 | 360.7 | 380 |
| Eggs | thing | 210 | 200 | 201 | 280 |
| Vegetable oil , margarine and other fats | kg | 11.0 | 10.0 | 5,0 | 13 |
| Other products ( salt , tea , spices ) | kg | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3,5 | 0.5 (tea) |
The following ratios of the cost of non-food goods and services from the cost of food products (in percent) are established:
- Non-food products - 50% of the cost of food for all population groups.
- Services - 50% of the cost of food for all population groups.
Rosstat and other research centers use different consumer baskets that differ from the above, in particular, for calculating inflation indices ( consumer price indices ).
- In January 2019, a working group of the Ministry of Labor is working on the issue of increasing the basket content of meat by 5%, fish by 16%, cottage cheese and eggs by 14%, poultry by 11% [7] .
In other countries
The consumer basket for calculating the consumer price index in the USA consists of 300 products and representative services, in France - 250, England - 350, Germany - 475, Russia - 156 [8] .
In the USA, there is also the concept of a “food plan” ( Eng. Food Plan ), which is compiled by the US Department of Agriculture . There are four options for the plan: economical, low, medium and free; the so-called thrifty food plan is used for calculation in the program for issuing food stamps [9] .
See also
- Minimum Consumer Budget
Notes
- ↑ Consumer basket // Economics and Law: Dictionary / L.P. Kurakov, V.L. Kurakov, A.L. Kurakov. - M .: University and school, 2004. - ISBN 5-94378-062-9 .
- ↑ Article 1. Basic concepts used in this Law // The Law of the City of Moscow “On the Living Wage in the City of Moscow” (as amended on September 18, 2013) / Moscow City Duma.
- ↑ Living wage / Goskomstat of the Russian Federation.
- ↑ Decree No. 210 “On the System of Minimum Consumer Budgets of the Population of the Russian Federation” / President of the Russian Federation.
- ↑ Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2006 No. 44-ФЗ “On the Consumer Basket as a Whole in the Russian Federation” . - Russian newspaper. - 2006. - No. 4034 (April 4).
- ↑ Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated December 3, 2012 No. 227-ФЗ “On the consumer basket as a whole for the Russian Federation” . - Russian newspaper. - 2012. - No. 5956 (December 7).
- ↑ They want to add meat and fish to the grocery minimum
- ↑ Consumer basket // Bulletin of statistics. - 1992. - T. 12, No. 6.
- ↑ USDA Food Plans: Cost of Food .
Links
- Consumer basket 2013-2018 / Information portal of the Russian Federation
- The cost of a grocery consumer basket in Moscow / Price meter.
- The composition of the consumer basket in Moscow / Consumer.
- Peter Menzel, Faith D'Aluisio. Photo project “Hungry planet. What the world eats ”(Hungry Planet: What the World Eats) .
- Consumer basket in Ukraine