Glyceridae (lat.) - a family of marine polychaete worms from the order Phyllodocida . There are about 50 modern and 3 fossil species, combined into three genera; most representatives belong to the genus Glycera [2] [3] . Fossil representatives are known from the Late Permian [4] [5] .
| Glyceridae | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Glycera alba | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Glyceridae Grube , 1850 [1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Lifestyle
Glyceridae are represented in a wide range of depths, but rarely reach a significant population density [6] . Usually they are confined to silty or sandy soils, where they live under rocks or among algae, or they dig a complex system of semi-permanent passages in the soil [6] . Among the representatives there are predators and detritophages [6] . Predatory Glyceridae is the only polychaete group that uses poison to catch prey - small invertebrates [7] .
Description
Worms with a long thin body with homonous segmentation. An elongated conical prostomium is secondly segmented, its distal ring carries two pairs of short antennas, a proximal pair of nuhal organs [8] . The bristle-bearing segments are numerous - more than 100. The parapodia of Glycera and Glycerella are bifurcated, neurochaete have a complex structure, notochaeta are simple [8] . In Hemipodus, parapodia are single-branched, complex setae [8] .
Glyceridae are characterized by the presence of a very long inverted cylindrical pharynx [9] . At its apex there are four jaws, inside of which pass ducts of poisonous glands [7] . The jaws include proteins rich in glycine and histidine , melanin and copper in the form of atacamite mineral, as well as in non-mineralized form [10] .
Notes
- ↑ Grube AE Die Familien der Anneliden // Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin - 1850. - Bd. 16. - S. 249-364.
- ↑ Böggemann M. Revision of the Glyceridae Grube 1859 (Annelida: Polychaeta) // Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft. - 2002. - Vol. 555. - P. 1-249. - ISBN 978-3-510-61335-9 .
- ↑ Read G., Fauchald K. (eds.). Glyceridae Grube, 1850 . World Polychaeta database (2015). Date of treatment April 5, 2015.
- ↑ Nakrem H., Szaniawski H., Mork A. Permian – Triassic scolecodonts and conodonts from the Svalis Dome, central Barents Sea, Norway // Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. - 2001. - Vol. 46. - P. 69-86.
- ↑ Parry L., Tanner A., Vinther J. The origin of annelids // Palaeontology. - 2014 .-- Vol. 57, No. 6 . - P. 1091-1103. - DOI : 10.1111 / pala.12129 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Fauchald K., Jumars PA A diet of worms: a study of polychaete feeding guilds // Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review. - Vol. 17. - P. 193-284. Archived on March 8, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Reumont B. M, von, Campbell LI, Richter S., Hering L., Sykes D., Hetmank J., Jenner RA, Bleidorn C. A polychaete's powerful punch: venom gland transcriptomics of Glycera reveals a complex cocktail of toxin homologs // Genome Biology and Evolution. - 2014 .-- Vol. 6, No. 9 . - P. 2406-2423. - DOI : 10.1093 / gbe / evu190 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Zhirkov I.A. Polychaetes of the Arctic Ocean. - M .: Janus-K, 2001 .-- S. 213-218. - 631 s.
- ↑ Fauchald K. The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera // Science Series. - Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 1977. - Vol. 28. - P. 1-188.
- ↑ Moses DN, Mattoni MA, Slack NL, Waite JH, Zok FW Role of melanin in mechanical properties of Glycera jaws // Acta Biomaterialia. - 2006. - Vol. 2, No. 5 . - P. 521-530. - DOI : 10.1016 / j.actbio.2006.05.002 .
Literature
- Magalhães WF, Rizzo AE Glyceridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Guam, Mariana Islands with description of a new species of Glycera Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 // Zootaxa . - 2012. - Vol. 3338. - P. 60-68.