Mary Jane Rathbun ( born Mary J. Rathbun , 1860-1943) is an American scientist, zoologist , and specialist in crustaceans . From 1884 until her death she worked at the Smithsonian Institution , often without assistants. Described more than a thousand new species, subspecies and taxa of a higher level.
| Mary Jane Rathban | |
|---|---|
| Mary jane rathbun | |
 During work | |
| Date of Birth | June 11, 1860 |
| Place of Birth | Buffalo |
| Date of death | April 14, 1943 (82 years old) |
| Place of death | Washington |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | Zoology , carcinology |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | |
| Taxonomy of wildlife | |
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The researcher who described a number of zoological taxa . The names of these taxa (to indicate authorship) are accompanied by the designation " Rathbun " . |
Content
Biography
Mary Jane Rathban was born July 11, 1860 in Buffalo , New York , the youngest of five children, Charles Rathban and Jane Fury. Her mother died when Mary was only a year old, so she was "left to her own devices" [2] . She studied at a school in Buffalo, graduated in 1878, but never entered college [2] .
Mary Rathban, whose height was no more than 1 m 37 cm, had a strong character and a sarcastic sense of humor [2] .
She first saw the ocean in 1881 when she accompanied her brother, zoologist Richard Ratbahn, to the Federal Fisheries Laboratory of the American Fish and Fisheries Commission on the Cape Cod Peninsula, Massachusetts [2] . The brother was recruited by the Assistant Professor at Yale University, Addison Emery Verrill, whose chief assistant at that time was the carcinologist Sidney Irving Smith. Mary helped categorize, sort, and record Smith's specimens and has since worked with crustaceans [2] . For three years, Mary worked on a voluntary basis, helping her brother, and then got a secretary's job with Spencer Fullerton Byrd at the Smithsonian Institution [2] . She worked in the museum of the institute, as a rule, without assistants. After 28 years of work, she was promoted to the position of Deputy Head of the Museum, responsible for the crustacean department [2] . In 1915, after her retirement, the Smithsonian Institution awarded Ratban the title of Honorary Researcher, and in 1916 she was awarded the honorary diploma of the University of Pittsburgh . In 1917, she received a Ph.D. from George Washington University [2] .
She died in Washington, DC, on April 14, 1943 at the age of 82 from complications after a femoral neck fracture [2] .
Publications
The first work of Mary J. Rathban was published in 1891 in collaboration with James Everard Benedict, in which the genus of crabs Panopeus was described [2] . On the last day of 1914, Mary Rathban retired, but continued to write and publish until her death [2] . Her largest work - Les crabes d'eau douce (Freshwater Crabs), was originally prepared for publication in a single copy, but subsequently was in three volumes (1904-1906) [2] . In total, she authored or co-authored 166 works, including descriptions of 1147 new species and subspecies, 63 new genera, one subfamily, 3 families and a superfamily, and also introduced many new terms [2] . Among the taxa first described by Rathban are the most important commercial species, such as the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus [3] and the crab-shear Chionoecetes bairdi [4] .
Taxa
Taxa named after Mary J. Rathban [5] :
- Hamatoscalpellum rathbunae (Pilsbry, 1907)
- Maera rathbunae Pearse, 1908
- Paromola rathbuni Porter Mosso, 1908
- Synalphaeus rathbunae Coutiere, 1909
- Candidiopotamon rathbunae De Man, 1914
- Pasiphaea rathbunae (Stebbing, 1914)
- Petrolisthes rathbunae Schmitt, 1916
- Periclimenes rathbunae Schmitt, 1924
- Alpheus rathbunae (Schmitt, 1924)
- Campylonotus rathbunae Schmitt, 1926
- Callinectes rathbunae Contreras, 1930
- Eriosachila rathbunae Maury, 1930
- Tritodynamia rathbunae Shen, 1932
- Sacculina rathbunae Boschma, 1933
- Pinnixa rathbunae Sakai, 1934
- Emerita rathbunae Schmitt, 1935
- Callianassa rathbunae Schmitt, 1935
- Solenocera rathbunae Ramadan, 1938
- Thunor rathbunae Armstrong, 1949
- Lysmata rathbunae Chace, 1970
- Xanthias rathbunae Takeda, 1976
- Cyphocarcinus rathbunae Griffin & Tranter, 1986
- Asterias rathbunae Britajev, 1989
- Lophaxius rathbunae Kensley, 1989
- Rhynchocinetes rathbunae Okuno, 1996
- Palaeopinnixa rathbunae Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2000
- Marratha Ng & Clark, 2003 [6]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Ogilvie M. B. The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science : Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century - Routledge , 2003. - Vol. 2. - P. 1075. - 798 p. - ISBN 978-1-135-96342-2
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Waldo L. Schmitt . Mary J. Rathbun 1860-1943 (English) // Crustaceana . - Brill Publishers 1973. - Vol. 24 , no. 3 . - P. 283-296 .
- ↑ Michael Türkay. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 . World Register of Marine Species (2010). Date of treatment October 26, 2010. Archived on September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Peter Davie. Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1893 . World Register of Marine Species (2010). Date of treatment October 26, 2010. Archived on September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Hans G. Hansson. Dr. Mary Jane Rathbun . Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names . Göteborgs Universitet . Date of treatment October 26, 2010. Archived on September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Peter KL Ng & Paul F. Clark. Three new genera of Indo-West Pacific Xanthidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthoidea) (Eng.) // Zoosystema : journal. - 2003. - Vol. 25 , no. 1 . - P. 131-147 . Archived on March 19, 2012.
Links
- Mary Jane Rathbun Papers, 1886-1938 and undated from the Smithsonian Institution Archives
- Fenner A. Chace, Jr. A Brief History of the Invertebrate Zoology Department . Smithsonian Institution . Date of treatment July 14, 2012. Archived on September 28, 2012.