Cynomorium , or Cinomorium ( lat. Cynomōrium , from other Greek. Κύνεος μόριον "dog organ") - a genus of flowering plants , the only one in the family of Cynomoriaceae . It contains two species (some [2] consider them to be subspecies of the same species, Cynomorium coccineum ). According to the APG III system , the order to which this family belongs is not defined.
| Cinemory | |||||||||||||||||
Blossoming crimson crimson | |||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||
Cynomorium L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||
| Type view | |||||||||||||||||
Cynomorium coccineum L., 1753 - Crimson Cynorium | |||||||||||||||||
Content
Botanical Description
Perennial herb up to 30 cm high. It is a red-brown chlorophyll-free plant. The cinorium leads a completely parasitic lifestyle, sucking in with special short appendages- haustoria to the conducting bundles of the roots of other plants, mainly halophytes . The owners of Cynomorium coccineum are plants of the genus Atriplex , and Cynomorium songaricum is Siberian nitrate ( Nitraria sibirica ), species of the genera Reaumuria , Salsola and Tamarix ( Tamarix ). There is no secondary growth. There are underground brownish branching rhizomes . Elevated succulent stems do not branch. Alternating leaves spirally on the stem are reduced to triangular and lanceolate scales.
Monoecious plants . Inflorescence is an apical spike of red-brown color. Each flower is in the bosom of a triangular scale-like bract . Mostly unisexual, rarely bisexual small red flowers. Perianth is usually represented by 3-4 (1-8) reduced lobes. In female flowers, bracts are sometimes absent. Male flowers contain only 1 stamen and rudimentary ovule . Two carpels are fused with the formation of the lower ovary . It contains only one egg .
The fruit is a small round single-seeded nut .
History
The name of the genus Cynomorion was first used in 1729 by Pier Antonio Micheli in his book Nova plantarum genera . Linnaeus changed the name in his Materia Medica (1749) to Cynomorium . Until the XVIII century, this plant was considered a mushroom .
Systematic position
The position of the family in the taxonomic system is unclear. Attempts to find his closest relative using molecular phylogenetic studies have also shown inconclusive results. In various works, it belonged to the orders Santalotsvetnye ( Lat. Santalales ) or Stone-flowered ( Lat. Saxifragales ), and was also considered as a sister group of the Pink family ( lat. Rosaceae ) based on the study of the chloroplast genome . Therefore , the APG III (2009) system does not assign this family to any order.
Taxonomy
The genus is considered as containing 2 species:
- Cynomorium coccineum - Crimson Cynorium
- Cynomorium songaricum - Zinomory Dzungarian
or as monotypic:
- Cynomorium coccineum L.
- Cynomorium coccineum subsp. songaricum ( Rupr. ) J.Léonard
General view of Cynomorium coccineum
Cynomorium coccineum flowers
In jordan
Usage
Both types are used in medicine. In Chinese medicine, the Cynomorium songaricum is called “suoyang” (suo yang). Cynomorium coccineum is sometimes used as a substitute for the previous species.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Cinorium on The Plant List
Links
- http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APWeb/orders/saxifragalesweb.htm#Cynomoriaceae
- http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/cynomori.htm
- http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Cynomoriaceae/index.html
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Band 161, 2009, S. 105-121.
Literature
- Kvartalnov P.V. Secrets of the "Maltese mushroom" // Potential. Chemistry, Biology, Medicine: Journal. - 2013. - No. 12 .
- Zhi-Hong Zhang, Chun-Qi Li, and Jianhua Li. 2009. "Phylogenetic placement of Cynomorium in Rosales inferred from sequences of the invert repeat region of the chloroplast genome." Journal of Systematics and Evolution 47 (4): 297-304.
- Subhuti Dharmananda: Cynomorium - Parasitic Plant Widely Used in Traditional Medicine Online.
- Jiarui Chen & Michele Funston: Cynomoriaceae in der Flora of China , Volume 13, S. 434, 2007: Online.
- Rubina Rafiq: Cynomoriaceae in der Flora of Pakistan: Online.
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| •• Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (including Bremer B. , Bremer K. , Rivil D. , Chase M. ) • APG I • APG II (+ list ) • APG III (+ list ) •• |