Sea chanterelles

The total body length of chanterelle fish is from 7 cm ( Bothragonus occidentalis ) to 50 cm ( Podothecus sachi ) ^[1] . In the latter species, males are larger than females, in other species ( Agonomalus jordani ), on the contrary, females are larger than males. The body shape varies greatly from the usual elongated spindle-shaped to flattened dorso-ventrally ( Agonus and others), less often to significantly laterally compressed ( Percis , Bothragonus ), and in this case the body is quite tall ( Agonomalus , Hypsagonus ). The body of the chanterelles is covered with several rows of bony plates falling on each other, forming a kind of armor. The arrangement of plates on the body in regular rows gives it a multifaceted shape, usually octagonal, and on the caudal stem - hexagonal. The color of the sea chanterelles is usually uniform dark brown, the fins are transparent, sometimes with dark spots, but in the deep-sea species Bathyagonus nigripinnis the fins are intensely black. However, some representatives of the genera Agonomalus , Hypsagonus and Percis have a very motley color - dark and yellow stripes and spots of various shapes against a red background. Pelvic fin thoracic, with one spine and two soft rays. There are usually two dorsal fins; they are markedly separated from one another. Sometimes the first dorsal fin is poorly developed and difficult to distinguish ( Bothragonus occidentalis ) or completely absent ( Ulcina and Aspidophoroides ). In the first dorsal fin, if present, 2-21 spiny, in the second 4-14 soft rays. In the anal fin there are 4–28 soft rays, the main rays of the caudal fin 10–12. The rays of all the fins are not branched; there are no true spiny rays in the dorsal and anal fins. The anus is shifted forward under the pectoral fins and is usually very close to the base of the ventral fins attached under the pectoral fins or in front of their bases. The rays of the gill membrane are 5 or 6. The vertebrae are 34–47. There are no predorsal bone and swim bladder . The main hyoid bone, if any, is rudimentary. Tabular bone alone or not at all. The mouth is small, often surrounded by antennae, sometimes in large numbers, especially in fish with a lower mouth ( Podothecus ). In fish with a final mouth, antennae are small, short, or completely absent; in fish with an upper mouth, they are also small or absent, or some ( Pallasina ) have one thickened long antenna on the apex of the protruding lower jaw. The teeth are small or missing at all.

Inhabitants of the cold seas. The range of the family covers the Arctic Ocean , the northern part of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (south to Japan and northern Mexico ), and the southern regions of South America (southern Chile and Argentina ), including the Strait of Magellan and the Falkland Islands . Most species are found in the North Pacific and only 6 species in other waters: 4 in the Arctic and North Atlantic ( Agonus cataphractus , Aspidophoroides monopterygius , Leptagonus decagonus and Ulcina olrikii ), and 2 in the southern hemisphere ( Agonopsis asperoculis in the southwest Atlantic and A .chiloensis in the southeast Pacific). They live in a wide range of depths, from coastal shallow waters to a depth exceeding 1000 m within the continental shelf and even the continental slope . Usually, agonites are found within the continental bank at depths on average from 14 to 126 m, however, many species are found in the highest sublittoral horizons, and some, on the contrary, adhere to a rather deep bottom, up to 400 m ( Aspidophoroides bartoni ) and even up to 600 m ( Sarritor frenatus occidentalis ). Some chanterelles are found in puddles and baths within the tide strip ( Bothragonus ). Bottom fish. Coastal species prefer stony and pebble soil, coarse sand , less often sand and silty sand. Deep-water species also adhere to hard soils, but are often found on softer ones, such as silty sand, sandy, or even rarely on clean silt ( Podothecus acipenserinus ). They live in coastal waters with normal marine salinity (33–34 ‰), although some species ( Brachyopsis rostratus , Pallasina barbata , Podothecus gilberti ) are found in waters with slightly lower salinity (about 30 ‰).

Sea chanterelles swim badly and do not migrate. They are usually found by individual individuals and do not form clusters, but sometimes one species ( Podothecus gilberti ) gets into otter trawls in significant quantities (up to 1000 specimens per hour of trawling ). Spawning of agon fish is usually summer or summer-autumn, one-time ( Percis japonicus , Leptagonus decagonus ), but also occurs in spring, in March ( Agonus cataphractus ). Caviar is large, with a thick shell, sticky. They feed on planktonic and bottom crustaceans, such as amphipods and euphausian crustaceans , and polychaetes . Themselves, in turn, apparently serve as food for large predatory fish. They are not eaten and have no commercial value.

In the Agonidae family there are 6 subfamilies with 21 genera and 46 species ^[1] :

• Subfamily Hypsagoninae
  • Genus Agonomalus - Agonomals ^[2]
    • Agonomalus jordani - Agronomal Jordan ^[3]
    • Agonomalus mozinoi
    • Agonomalus proboscidalis - Proboscis agonomal ^[3]
  • Genus Hypsagonus - Gypsons ^[2]
    • Hypsagonus corniger - Horned drywall ^[3] , or southern drywall ^[4]
    • Hypsagonus quadricornis - Four-horned drywall ^[4] , or northern drywall ^[4]
  • Genus Percis - Dog Chanterelles , or Persians ^[2]
    • Percis japonica - Japanese fox ^[3] , or Japanese dog fox ^[4]
    • Percis matsuii
• Subfamily Bathyagoninae
  • Genus Bathyagonus
    • Bathyagonus alascanus
    • Bathyagonus infraspinatus
    • Bathyagonus nigripinnis - Black- Foxed Chanterelle ^[4] , or Black-feathered Deep-Sea Chanterelle ^[4]
    • Bathyagonus pentacanthus
  • Genus Odontopyxis
    • Odontopyxis trispinosa
  • Genus Xeneretmus
    • Xeneretmus latifrons
    • Xeneretmus leiops
    • Xeneretmus ritteri
    • Xeneretmus triacanthus
• Subfamily Bothragoninae
  • Genus Bothragonus
    • Bothragonus occidentalis - Western Botragon ^[3]
    • Bothragonus swanii
• Subfamily Anoplagoninae
  • Genus Anoplagonus
    • Anoplagonus inermis
    • Anoplagonus occidentalis - Western Anoplagon ^[3]
  • Genus Aspidophoroides
    • Aspidophoroides monopterygius - Pacific one-feathered fox ^[4] , or Pacific shield-bearer ^[3] , or Barton’s shield-bearer ^[3]
    • Aspidophoroides olrikii - Arctic fox ^[2] , or Arctic alligator fox ^[4] , or ulcin ^[2]
• Subfamily Agoninae
  • Genus Agonopsis
    • Agonopsis asperoculis
    • Agonopsis chiloensis
    • Agonopsis sterletus
    • Agonopsis vulsa
  • Genus Agonus - European Chanterelles
    • Agonus cataphractus - European Chanterelle ^[2]
  • Genus Freemanichthys
    • Freemanichthys thompsoni - Comb fox ^[3] , or Thompson comb fox ^[4]
  • Genus Leptagonus
    • Leptagonus decagonus - Long- foxed fox ^[3] , or leptagon ^[2] , or greenland fox ^[4]
  • Genus Podothecus
    • Podothecus accipenserinus - Sturgeon chanterelle ^[4] , or polychrome chanterelle ^[4]
    • Podothecus hamlini
    • Podothecus sachi - Dragon Fox ^[3]
    • Podothecus sturioides - Far Eastern Chanterelle ^[3]
    • Podothecus veternus - Little fox ^[3] , or toothless fox ^[3]
  • Genus Sarritor
    • Sarritor frenatus - Fine-Tailed Chanterelle ^[4]
    • Sarritor knipowitschi
    • Sarritor leptorhynchus - Thin - winged Chanterelle ^[3]
• Subfamily Brachyopsinae
  • Genus Brachyopsis
    • Brachyopsis segaliensis - Sakhalin fox ^[3] , or long-nosed fox ^[4]
  • Genus Chesnonia
    • Chesnonia verrucosa
  • Genus Occella
    • Occella dodecaedron - Twelve- sided chanterelle ^[3]
    • Occella iburia
    • Occella kasawae
    • Occella kuronumai
  • Genus Pallasina
    • Pallasina barbata - Needle - shaped fox ^[4] , or bearded pallasina ^[3]
  • Genus Stellerina
    • Stellerina xyosterna
  • Genus Tilesina
    • Tilesina gibbosa - Tilesina ^[3]

• Nelson D.S. Fishes of World Fauna / Transl. 4th rev. English ed. N. G. Bogutskaya, scientific. Ed. by A. M. Nasek, A. S. Gerd. - M .: Book House "LIBROCOM", 2009. - S. 467-469. - ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0 .
• Wheeler A. Key to fish of marine and fresh waters of the North European basin / Per. from English T. I. Smolyanova, ed. kb n V.P. Serebryakova. - M .: Light and food industry, 1983. - S. 254. - 432 p.
• Life of animals. Volume 4. Lancelet. Cyclostomes. Cartilaginous fish. Bone fish / ed. T. S. Rassa , ch. ed. V. E. Sokolov . - 2nd ed. - M .: Education, 1983. - S. 489-491. - 575 s.
• Sokolovsky A. S., Dudarev V. A., Sokolovskaya T. G., Solomatov S. F. Fishes of the Russian waters of the Sea of ​​Japan: Annotated and illustrated catalog. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2007. - S. 83-89. - 200 p. - ISBN 978-5-8044-0750-7