Goguli

The inflow of Zeya , on the banks of which the genus Govol previously lived, is noted in Russian sources as Gogulgurgu (Gobol-Huarg), which in Daurian means the Gobol River. In another way it is called Govol-ayan, translated "small river Govol." There are other opinions on this subject, for example, some believe that the river where the govol genus lived was called the Budaan-gol (Bodon-gol), while others insist on the Gobyl hydronym. The latter has a close sound with the name of the river Gorybil of the Zeya basin ^[1] . In the pre-revolutionary literature, Gogul are also referred to as Gogul ^[2] .

For the first time, the people were described by Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov-Svyatitsky in his " excursions from the banks of the Amur " in 1651 ^[3] . In the XVII century they lived settled along the Amur River from the mouth of the Bureya to the Sungari and were engaged in agriculture. In 1658, the Gogul ravaged by Russian Cossacks moved to the shores of Mudanjiang ^[4] .

Gogul (Gogul) formed according to one source, "Gogul volost at the mouth of the river. Gogulkurga, "according to others, their settlements began from the Bureya mountains, after the confluence of Zeya into the Amur . On this account B.I. Pankratov believed that the name "Gogul" (the genus gobol) was not a tribal, but a clan self-name of daur ^[5] .

A thorough examination of V.I. Ogorodnikov with interrogative speeches by V. Poyarkov found out that the Daurian town of princes Omuta and Lombo was located in Goguli volost. Asking the question: “Were the inhabitants of this prison the Daura themselves or, being under the rule of the Daurian princes and under the protection of the town built by them, they belonged to a different tribe?”, Ogorodnikov wrote that the same Poyarkov gives the answer in the news following message about Gogulsky volost. It said: "but against Gogul for Ziya - Shepka volost, and in that volost 100 people, the same daura plowed" ^[6] . Thus, according to B.D. Tsybenov, we can quite definitely talk about the affiliation of the goguly (or genus govol) who lived at the mouth of the river. Gogulburg, to the Daurian community ^[1] .

The departure of the Govol to Manchuria

In 1651 - 1652 years. part of the Daur went to Manchuria . In 1653 , the government of the Qing Empire ordered the Daurs to destroy all grain crops, dwellings and resettle on the river. Nonny . In 1653 - 1654 years. Amur region left most of the Daur ^[1] .

Armed operations, as you know, have been carried out for many years. The Daurs took an active part in them, during the periods of the cessation of hostilities and negotiations, officials and natives of the Daurs also played a significant role. It is known that in 1670 , Men Ede, a Daur by nationality, on the orders of the Qing Emperor handed the Russian side a letter on the peaceful redivision of the border and held talks on border issues ^[1] .

The result of fierce battles with detachments of Russian Cossack pioneers was the eviction of the Daurs by the Qing government to the territory of Manchuria . Immigrants began to settle in the valleys of the Nonni and Namar rivers. Beginning in 1649 , Daurs moved to the valley of the river. Nonny ( Daurian - Naun). The leader of the clan called Umoudi and the head of the clan, Deadul Chom, settled with their people on r. Namar (a tributary of the river Nonni ), where they built two villages - Manna and Dadul. Umudi became the hereditary zangi somona ^[1] .

Thus, most Daurian clans settled in the foothills of Greater Khingan . This region began to be called Butkh (from Daur . “Batakh” - to hunt), subsequently these genera became known as Daur Butkh. The reason for the subsequent movements of the Daurian population was the aggravation of Russian-Chinese relations and the strengthening of the border lines of the Qing Empire. According to the decree of the emperor, in 1732 , Daurs ^[1] were sent from Butkh to the Khulun-Buir locality to perform guard duty along with solons and barguts .

In 1742 , most of the Daura migrants returned to Butha. At the new place, several people remained with their wives and children, including Guo Kuysu (Huys) from the genus Govol , a subgenus of manna. Hailar daur mainly consist of three large genera: aul, govo l and merden; later onon clan joined them. They arrived here to guard the border guards. The govol clan is known for its military leaders. From this genus came General Guo Un-tun, the revolutionary Khas-Bator ^[1] .

At the beginning of the XX century. in the Hailar okrug, the Daurs lived in the villages of Denteke ( Chinese "Sinantun"), Alakcha ("si-tun"), Mange ("Sinantun") ^[5] . The last village was also known as Honkor Ayl. These villages were populated by surnames: Denteke - the genus Aola, Mange - the genus Govol , Alakcha - Merden. In the village of Mekerte they lived mixed - Aola, Merden, Govol and Onon ^[1] .

According to B.I. Pankratova, “during the reign of Qianlong ( 1736 - 1796 ), the Daurs were sent, among other significant [organizations] to East Turkestan ( Xinjiang ) to war with the Dzungars ( 1755 - 1757 ). After the end of the war, these Daurians were left in Ili , where they formed military settlements from them ” ^[5] . Among the settlers in Xinjiang were the Daurian clans of onon, aola, govol , merden, ginker, ware, deduil, and sudur ^[7] .

Representatives of the genus govol founded the village of Laolechen, Manna in China . The village of Laolechen was founded by people from the govol family, who previously lived in the village of Davarka. Located on the left bank of the river. Laolee, 30 km north of Nehe City, Heilongjiang Province. The village of Manna was founded on the banks of the river. Nämer daurami of the govol genus, 6 km northeast of Mandahu-hsien ^[1] .

In addition to Heilongjiang, the govols live in Hailar , the Morin-Dava-Daur Autonomous Khoshun (Nirgi, the village of Aral), the Evenk Autonomous Khoshun (Bayan-Tohoy (Nantong)) of the Hulun-Buir District of Inner Mongolia , Ili-Kazakh AO XUAR ^[1] (Ashily-Daursky National Parish of Chuguchak District). Govols also live on the territory of other Daurian volosts of Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang (see Mongols in China ).

Three patronomic groups are distinguished in the genus govol (gobol): gobol ^[1] (gobolo), erginchen ^[7] (ergenshan ^[8] , ergenchian ^[9] ), warke ^[7] (wark ^[8] , varge ^[9] ) In the genus Govol, subgenuses are known: manna (mannachaan), tavunchen, ursigig ail. B.D. Tsybenov also adds that in the genera Merden, Govol, Onon, Deedul, respectively, the following patronymic groups are known - nirgi, manna, tior, taavunchen, chuluu-hada, oak ^[1] .

It is known about patronymic groups that a group of govols lived in the village of Govol, Erginchen representatives probably settled along the river, as the ethnonym translates as “living along the coast” or “coastal”. The name of the group varge (cooking) was found in medieval Manchu (the genus of cooking). According to one source, the ethnonym Varge comes from the Varga River, a tributary of the river. Zeya , according to others, the tributary was called Ulaaga, according to the third, varge were called people who inhabited both banks of Zeya ^[10] .

Daury

Mongols in China

Mongolian peoples

• Tsybenov B.D. The history and culture of the Daur of China. Historical and Ethnographic Essays: Monograph . - Ulan-Ude: Publishing House of VSGUTU, 2012 .-- 252 p.
• Shrenk L. I. , “On the Foreigners of the Amur Territory” (1883; publication of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ).