Yama ( Skt. यम , yama IAST ) - ethical restrictions [1] or universal moral commandments [2] in Hinduism and yoga . Yama is the first step of yoga described in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali , Siddha-siddhanta paddhati and other texts. [3]
According to the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the “pit” includes five basic principles: [4]
- ahimsa - non-violence (including vegetarianism ); [five]
- satya - truthfulness;
- asteya - non-assimilation of another's (stealing);
- brahmacharya - abstinence; control of lust and preservation of chastity before marriage [1] ; inner composure, indiscretion [3] ;
- aparigraha - non-possessiveness (rejection of gifts), non-accumulation, non-attachment.
Many other scriptures (for example, in the Shandilla-Upanishad , Siddha-siddhanta paddhati , Hatha-yoga-pradipika [6] ) mention the ten principles of the Yama: [1]
- ahimsa
- satya
- astea
- brahmacharya
- kshama - mercy, forgiveness, patience;
- dhrti - fortitude;
- daya - compassion;
- arjava - honesty, straightforwardness;
- mitahara - moderate appetite;
- shaucha - purity.
In traditional yoga teaching, the pit gives the guru , depending on the situations and characteristics of the student's development.
See also
- Vegetarianism
- Niyama
- Deadly sin
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Sadguru Shiva Subramuniaswami . Dance with Shiva. The modern catechism of Hinduism. Perev. from English - K .: Sofia, 2001. - S. 800. - ISBN 5-220-00456-5 , 5-344-00083-9.
- ↑ B. K. S. Iyengar . Clearing Pranayama. Pranayama Deepika = Light on Pranayama: Pranayama Dipika. - M .: Institute of Yoga Patanjali, 2002. - P. 368. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 1-87261-006-8 , 5-94071-001-8, 1-85538-242-3.
- ↑ 1 2 Kukalev S.V. Yoga Experiences: Religion of the Personal Path . - SPb. : Peter, 2004 .-- S. 448. - ISBN 5-94723-815-2 .
- ↑ In the Yoga Sutras, these principles form the Mahavrath - a great vow.
- ↑ Natalie J. Ullmann. From Darkness to Light: Vegetarianism and the Yogi's Emergence into Clear Perception // Steven J. Rosen Food for the Soul: Vegetarianism and Yoga Traditions. - New York: ABC-CLIO , 2011 .-- P. 95-108 . - ISSN 0313397031 .
- ↑ * Swami Swatmaram . chap. 1, sloka 16 // Hatha Yoga Pradipika.
Literature
- Safronov A.G. Yoga: physiology, psychosomatics, bioenergy / A.G. Safronov; Monograph. - Kharkov: S.A.M., 2005 .-- S. 250. - ISBN 966-8591-11-9 .
- Safronov A.G. Religious psychopractors in the history of culture = Safronov A.G. Religious psycho-practices in the history of culture] // Scientific publication, Monograph. - Kharkov: "KhGAK" , 2004. - S. 304. - ISBN 966-7352-81-1 .
- Gromov S.N. 40 days practicing Yoga. - Odessa: WWII, 2005. - P. 507. - (Raja Yoga for all). - ISBN 966-8286-43-X .
- Sri Sri Anandamurti . Guide to human behavior .: Per. from English - Publishing House "Publications Ananda Marga (Russia)", 2002. - 44 p.