Smart building

In 1987, the Soviet Union introduced the project of electronic equipment for the home “SPHINX”, which in its essence resembles the idea of ​​a modern smart home. The main highlight of the project was the main central processor, consisting of several units, as well as control panels - a “small” remote control with a removable display and a large one with pseudo-touch keys. Both the handheld and the large remote control contain voice control microphones.

The project was developed at VNIITE and published in several journals “Technical Aesthetics” .

In 1995, Java technology developers predicted one of the main purposes for this technology is to increase the intelligence of household appliances ^[1] - for example, the refrigerator itself will order products from the store. This idea has not received industrial distribution, but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already releasing household appliances with the possibility of being included in a “smart home”.

In the fall of 2012, Panasonic announced the full-scale production of SMARTHEMS energy management systems for smart homes. Panasonic promises to introduce compatibility with the HEMS system in its entire line of household appliances , such as: air conditioners , smart kitchen appliances and EcoCute hot water systems .

The new AiSEG system allows you to connect all equipment and home devices into a single network , organizing the display of information on the operation of solar panels , the consumption of electricity , gas and water and automatically controlling the operation of household appliances using the ECHONET Lite protocol ^[2] .

The technical basis of smart buildings is the Automated Building Management System ( English Building Management System , BMS , German Gebaudeleittechnisksystem , GLT ).

It is designed to automate the processes and operations that are implemented in modern buildings. Quite often in the literature there is the use of the term ACMS as a system for automating the engineering systems (or life support systems) of a building: ventilation, heating and air conditioning, water supply and sanitation, electricity and lighting, etc. In large and complex buildings, several dozen can be distinguished engineering systems.

The main goals of creating a control system are to increase safety , improve comfort and ensure the efficiency of resource consumption (including through participation in the management of electricity demand ). This is a complex task, often having a specific (specific for a company using the building) business concept. The result is achieved due to the better quality of life support systems of the building while reducing maintenance costs.

In the world, almost all modern commercial real estate and residential buildings are equipped with automatic control systems. In Russia, this process is only at the beginning of its development.

There is an opinion that ACSU should be distinguished into systems for commercial real estate and systems for cottages, cottages and individual apartments. Thus, as it were, defining two market sectors: building automation and home automation .

When building an automated control system, as a rule, three levels of automation are implemented:

1. Upper - the level of dispatching and administration (Management Level) with databases and statistical functions, at which the interaction between personnel (operators, dispatchers, etc.) and the system through a human-machine interface , implemented mainly on the basis of computer tools and SCADA systems . The same level should be responsible for information interaction with the enterprise level.
2. Medium - the level of automatic (automated) control (Automation Level) of functional processes, the main components of which are controllers , signal input-output modules and various switching equipment.
3. The lower one is the “field” level (terminal level) (Field Level) with input / output functions, which includes sensors and actuators, as well as cable connections between devices and the lower-middle levels.

Hundreds of regulatory documents have been developed in the world to standardize this industry. For example, a set of international standards ISO 16484-XX (Building Automation and Control Systems). To date, only the first three parts in the form of ABOK standards (Association of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Supply and Building Thermophysics Engineers) have been issued in Russia. ^[3]

Since 2013, the first specialized GOST has been operating in Russia - "Automated control systems for buildings and structures. Terms and definitions." ^[four]

The volume of the Russian market of automated control systems at the end of 2010 was about 220-260 million dollars (source?) .

The main difference in the systems is seen rather in their specific purpose and in the implementation approach.

Currently, the situation has changed; Russian developments of high-tech systems and intelligent devices have appeared, which are priced and reliable for use in Russia.

According to analysts, the smart home market is actively developing. By 2020, the total global market will reach $ 51.77 billion. Between 2013 and 2020, the average annual market growth rate will be at the level of 17.74% ^[5] .

The volume of the Russian market is much more modest. In 2012, the market volume in our country exceeded 56 million euros or 2.3 billion rubles. In 2013, according to preliminary estimates, the market grew by 30% - up to 65 million euros or almost 3 billion rubles. By 2017, its total volume can reach 176 million euros or 7.9 billion rubles ^[6] .

The term "smart home" is usually understood as the integration of the following systems into a single building management system:

• Management and communication systems;
• Heating , ventilation and air conditioning system ;
• Lighting system;
• Building power supply system;
• Security and monitoring system .

Management System

• Control from one place audio, video equipment, home theater , multiroom
• Remote control of electrical appliances, machinery drives and all automation systems. Electronic household appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug'n'Play - a network with the ability to access a public network.
• Mechanization of the building (opening / closing gates, barriers , electric heating of steps, etc.)

HVAC system

The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system provides temperature, humidity and fresh air. In addition, HVAC saves energy through the rational use of ambient temperature. Some subsystems:

• network controlled air conditioner
• mechanisms for automatically opening / closing windows for the entry of cold or warm air at a suitable time of day

Lighting System

Lighting system ( Lighting control systems , LCS) controls the level of illumination in the room, including to save energy due to the rational use of natural light. Some subsystems:

• automation for turning on / off the light at a given time of day;
• motion sensors to turn on the light only when someone is in the room;
• automatic equipment for opening / closing shutters, shutters, for adjusting the transparency of special window panes;
• remote inclusion or shutdown of sockets.

Building Power System

Power supply systems provide uninterrupted power, including through automatic switching to alternative power sources. Some subsystems:

• Automatic reserve entry
• industrial ups
• diesel generators

Security and Monitoring System

The security and monitoring system includes the following subsystems:

• video surveillance system;
• room access control system ;
• fire alarm (including control of gas leaks);
• telemetry - remote tracking of systems;
• leakage protection system - automatic blocking of water supply during leakage and flooding of the room. It consists of a control device, special taps and sensors that detect flooding (Aquastorozh, Neptun, HydroLock and others);
• GSM monitoring - remote reporting of incidents in the house ( apartment , office , facility) and control of home systems via telephone . In some systems, it is possible to receive voice instructions on the planned control actions, as well as voice reports on the results of actions;
• IP monitoring of the facility;
• imitation of presence.

• Intelligent Home Appliances
  • Household robot
• Home cinema
• Multiroom
• Building Automation System
• Resource Saving Engineering
• LEED Certification
• Certification

• Smart home, where to start. The simplest and cheapest system