HMS Nelson (28) (His Majesty's Ship "Nelson") is a British battleship of the same name type , built between the two world wars. One of the three ships of the Royal Navy, named after the legendary Admiral Horatio Nelson . Like the Rodney of the same type, it had unique features: both ships were the only ones in the fleet to carry 406-mm main caliber artillery deployed in an unusual way: all three main-caliber towers were located in front of the superstructure. Such an unusual architecture was the result of restrictions imposed by the Washington Maritime Agreement . It was commissioned in 1930. Actively participated in the Second World War. It was scrapped in 1949.
| Hms nelson | |
|---|---|
 HMS Nelson parked in Spithead | |
| Service | |
 United Kingdom | |
| Named after | |
| Class and type of vessel | battleship |
| Organization | Royal Navy of Great Britain |
| Manufacturer | Armstrong-whitworth |
| Ordered to build | 1922 |
| Construction started | December 28, 1922 |
| Launched | September 3, 1925 |
| Commissioned | September 10, 1930 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | February 1948 |
| Status | disassembled for metal March 15, 1949 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 34,490 t (standard) 41,910 t (full) |
| Length | 220 m |
| Width | 32 m |
| Draft | 10 m |
| Reservation | • Belt: 356 mm • Deck: 171 mm • Tower: 406 mm • Conning tower: 340 mm |
| Engines | 8 three-drum boilers, 2 Brown-Curtiss turbo-gear units |
| Power | 45 000 liters from. |
| Mover | 2 screws |
| Speed | 23.5 knots |
| Sailing range | 7,000 nautical miles (at 16 knots) |
| Crew | 1361 people |
| Armament (1945) | |
| Artillery | 9 × 406 mm BL 16 "/ 45 Mk I 12 × 152 mm BL 6 "/ 50 Mk XXII |
| Flak | 6 × 120 mm 4.7 "naval gun Mk VIII 48 × 40 mm “pom-pom” |
| Aviation group | one plane |
In the British Navy, Nelson was nicknamed Nels All. The motto of the ship was the phrase Palmam qui meruit ferat (in Latin - “Let the palm branch of the worthy crown”).
Content
- 1 Description
- 2 Service History
- 3 Literature
- 4 References
Description
Nelson-class battleships were a simplified version of the G-3 battle cruisers , which were canceled after the conclusion of the Washington Agreement. The simplified design made it possible to place nine 406-mm and twelve 152-mm guns capable of competing with American battleships of the Colorado type and Japanese of the Nagato type on a ship with a displacement of not more than 35 thousand tons. The main caliber artillery was located according to an unusual pattern: three 406-mm guns in three towers placed in front of the superstructure (the towers were marked with the letters "A", "B" and "X"). The 406 mm guns themselves were named after the Disney heroes: the Seven Dwarfs , Mickey Mouse and Minnie . 152 mm guns were located in the towers from P1 to P3 on the port side and from S1 to S3 on the port side. Six anti-aircraft installations were named HA1 through HA6, as many anti-aircraft pom-pom guns were numbered M1 through M7 (there was no M2 position).
Service History
It was laid in December 1922 in Newcastle at the Armstrong-Whitworth shipyard. Launched in September 1925, the fleet adopted in August 1927 . The construction cost was approximately 7504000 pounds. The ship was modified with unused portions of the Edmiral-class battle cruiser. It was the flagship of the British home fleet. In 1931, the sailors of the ship rioted together with the Rodney sailors due to a reduction in the salaries of the sailors, but after negotiations with the government they stopped speaking. January 12, 1934 left Portsmouth to the Caribbean .
In the mid-1930s, the ship was slightly restored and then returned to the home fleet. In September 1939, his team was put on full alert. From September 25 to 26, his team participated in the rescue of the crew of the sunken submarine " Speafish ." In October 1939, the Nelson was transferred to the North Sea for a possible meeting with German ships, but it never encountered the Kriegsmarine forces, and on October 30, 1939, a U-56 submarine near the Orkney Islands tried to torpedo it, but three torpedoes fired did not hit the battleship. However, in December 1939, in the Gulf of Yves, the Nelson stumbled upon a mine installed by a U-31 submarine. Until August 1940, the ship was under repair at Portsmouth , after which it arrived at Rosythe to prepare for repelling a possible naval landing of the Germans. From April to June 1941, the ship guarded the convoys in the Atlantic, at the end of May it was based in Freetown and was preparing to move to Gibraltar to intercept the Bismarck .
In June 1941 he was included in the "H" group to escort convoys to the Mediterranean . September 27, 1941 was subjected to Italian air raid and was seriously damaged by a torpedo explosion. Until May 1942, it was under repair, returned in August 1942 as a flagship and continued to carry on with its duties. Participated in the landing of troops in Algeria (November 1942), Sicily (July 1943) and Salerno (September 1943). On board, American General Dwight Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio signed the Act of Italian surrender on September 29, 1943 .
In November 1943, the Nelson returned to the UK for repairs: powerful anti-aircraft weapons were added to its board. June 18, 1944 the ship participated in the fire support of the landing in Normandy and again collided with two naval mines, after which he went to Pennsylvania for repairs. In January 1945 he returned to the Naval Forces of Great Britain, in July he arrived in Colombo . Participated in the siege of Japanese positions in Malaysia, until the Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945 . In November he returned to the UK, in July 1946 he was transformed into a training ship. In February 1948 he left the fleet and became a target ship for bombers. In March 1949, in Inverting was disassembled for metal.
Literature
- Ballantyne, Iain. HMS Rodney - Barnseley, UK: Pen and Sword, 2008 .-- ISBN 978-1-84415-406-7 .
- Brown, David K. The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906–1922. - reprint of the 1999. - London: Caxton Editions, 2003. - ISBN 1-84067-531-4 .
- Brown, David K. Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923-1945. - London: Chatham Publishing, 2006 .-- ISBN 1-59114-602-X .
- Burt, RA British Battleships, 1919-1939. - London: Arms and Armor Press, 1993 .-- ISBN 1-85409-068-2 .
- Parkes, Oscar. British battleships. - reprint of the 1957. - Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1990. - ISBN 1-55750-075-4 .
- Raven, Alan. British Battleships of World War Two: The Development and Technical History of the Royal Navy's Battleship and Battlecruisers from 1911 to 1946. - Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1976. - ISBN 0-87021-817-4 .