Ground station - a generic name for several types of metro stations, the distinguishing feature of which is the location directly on the surface. There are two types of ground stations: open and indoor.
In the USSR, the first ground station was the old Pervomaiskaya station , opened at the Izmailovo depot on September 24, 1954 and is now inoperative.
Covered Station
The structure of the ground indoor station has walls and ceilings that block paths and a platform. Thus, the station is a closed room with its own air circuit. The advantage of this design is that it is possible to maintain a temperature that is comfortable for people. In addition, the ground station may have various structural elements, such as trusses , stairs , balconies .
In Russia, there are such stations in St. Petersburg : Kupchino , Devyatkino , Rybatskoye and Parnas ; Nizhny Novgorod - " Petrel ", "Varya" (projected); Novosibirsk - “ River Station ” (with some reservations - one of the station pavilions is located underground, access to the subway); in Moscow - Myakinino . Earlier in Moscow there were two more stations of this type: the old Pervomaiskaya , closed in 1961 ; and the old Kaluga , closed in 1974 . In December 2015, the Technopark ground station was opened on the Avtozavodskaya - Kolomenskaya line of the Zamoskvoretskaya line ; in June 2019, the Filatov Lug and Prokshino ground stations on the Sokolnicheskaya line were opened . In the Volgograd Metrotram, two stations under construction, “Kuporosnaya Balka” and “State University”, will have such a design.
Open Station
Typically, such stations are not a building, but an island platform with a canopy resting on a series of columns in the center, or side platforms with walls and a canopy.
Stations of this type are the cheapest in construction and are similar to railway platforms.
In the CIS undergrounds , ground-based open stations are located in the Moscow Metro (Izmailovskaya , Kuntsevskaya , Pionerskaya , Fili , Bagrationovskaya , Filevsky Park , Kutuzovskaya , Studentskaya and Vykhino ), Kievsky Metro ( Dnipro , Hydropark , Left Bank , Darnitsa , Chernihiv , Lesnaya ), in Samara ( Yungorodok ). There are also ground stations in Tbilisi, Baku and Yerevan. In the Leningrad Metro , the Dachnoye station was open, operating from 1966 to 1977 inclusive. In Volgograd Metrotram, 15 stations on the VGTZ – TRK Europe section, now closed by Baku and 7th Guards on the old line section and the terminal of the first line Ploshad Chekistov, have this design.
In other countries, open ground stations are widespread: often up to half of the network of foreign subways form stations of this type ( London , Mexico City , etc.)