Eugene Levich Schwartz (October 9 ( 21 ), 1896 , Kazan , Russian Empire - January 15, 1958 , Leningrad , RSFSR , USSR ) - Russian Soviet prose writer, screenwriter and poet, playwright, journalist [4] . The pioneer .
| Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz | ||||||
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 E. L. Schwartz in the 1930s | ||||||
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| Occupation | playwright , novelist , poet , screenwriter , journalist | |||||
| Years of creativity | 1924 - 1957 | |||||
| Genre | prose , short story , feuilleton , play , libretto , poem , fairy tale , journalism | |||||
| Language of Works | Russian | |||||
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Biography
Yevgeny Lvovich Schwartz was born on October 9 (21), 1896 in Kazan in the family of Lev Borisovich Schwartz (December 10, 1874, Kerch - 1940), a medical student (later a Zemstvo surgeon [5] ), from a petty bourgeois Jewish family who settled in Kazan in 1892, and Maria Fyodorovna Shelkova (1875-1942), students of obstetric courses. May 18 (30), 1895, before marriage, the father converted to Orthodoxy [6] . The mother’s family lived in Ryazan (grandfather Fyodor Larin [7] [8] [6] was a barber ), his father’s family lived in Yekaterinodar (grandfather Berka Schwartz was the owner of a furniture store) [9] . In 1898, at the end of the university, his father was assigned to Dmitrov , but did not work there for long.
Further childhood and youth passed in Maykop , where in 1898, after a six-month arrest on suspicion of revolutionary agitation among the workers of the Alafuzov factories in Kazan, his father was exiled under public surveillance of the police. After graduating from a real school in Maykop (1913), in 1914 Schwartz entered the law faculty of the Moscow People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky , later moved to the law faculty of Moscow University . But the theater interested him more than the profession of a lawyer [5] . His parents and younger brother moved to Yekaterinodar at this time.
In the fall of 1916 he was drafted into the army [5] . In April 1917 he served as a private in the reserve battalion in Tsaritsyn , from where in August 1917, as a student, he was transferred to a military school in Moscow and enlisted as a cadet [10] . October 5, 1917 was promoted to ensign [11] .
At the beginning of 1918 he ended up in Yekaterinodar , where he joined the Volunteer Army [5] . He participated in the "Ice Campaign" as part of the Ekaterinodar units of Pokrovsky . Hand tremor , which Schwartz felt all his life, is the consequences of a severe concussion received during the storming of Yekaterinodar [5] .
After the hospital, he was demobilized and entered the university in Rostov-on-Don , where he began working at the Theater Workshop [5] . In 1920, he married actress Gayane Khalaidzhieva (according to the stage of Kholodova, 1898-1983). In 1921, he arrived in Petrograd with the Rostov troupe. He played in small theaters (according to Nikolai Chukovsky , having “no artistic talents” [12] ), worked as a seller in a bookstore, was the secretary of Korney Chukovsky . He quickly became known as a brilliant storyteller, improviser [5] .
He began to write in 1923 when he went to the Donbass for the summer, where he collaborated with the newspaper All-Russian Stoker, published in Bakhmut ; released a literary supplement to the newspaper - “Slaughter”. After returning from Donbass, the first children's work by Schwartz appeared - “The Story of the Old Balalaika”, published in the July issue of the children's almanac “Sparrow” for 1924 [5] .
Since 1925 he became a permanent employee of the children's magazines " Hedgehog " and " Chizh ", and his first story came out as a separate book. Later there were other books for children: “War of Parsley and Steps-Shredders”, “Camp”, “Balls”, etc. [5]
The pathos of Schwartz’s creativity is today, in a figurative allegorical form, in an associative system of plays, the theme sounds modernity [13] . Schwartz is the creator of the original mass drama organized on the principle of lyric poetry [14] .
In 1929, the Leningrad Youth Theater staged Schwartz's first play, Underwood. In the same year, his daughter Natalia (in the marriage of Kryzhanovskaya) was born to him and a few months later the writer left his family. Schwartz works a lot and fruitfully: composes novels, short stories, poems, plays for children and adults, funny captions for drawings in the magazines Hedgehog and Chizh , satirical reviews, libretto for ballets, reprisals for the circus, puppet plays for Sergey’s theater Obraztsova , movie scripts. According to Schwartz’s scripts, the film “Cinderella” was shot, with Yanina Zheimo , Faina Ranevskaya , Erast Garin , the film directed by Grigory Kozintsev “Don Quixote” and others. [5]
During World War II, Schwartz continued to work in besieged Leningrad , refused to evacuate, but was later evacuated to Kirov . He worked for the oblast drama theater, where he wrote the plays: “One Night” - about the defenders of Leningrad; “Far Land” - about evacuated children (collected materials in Kotelnich in the summer of 1942, in an orphanage evacuated from Leningrad); started working on the "Dragon" [15] .
When the Leningrad Comedy Theater was evacuated in Dushanbe , Schwartz arrived there. After the war, he wrote several more plays, among them the “ Ordinary Miracle ” [5] .
E. L. Schwartz died January 15, 1958 in Leningrad , was buried in the Theological Cemetery [5] [16] .
Addresses in Leningrad (in St. Petersburg)
- 1920s — 1935 - Mokhovaya St. , 39 [17] .
- 1935-1955 - the house of the Court Stables Office ("writer superstructure") - 9, Griboedov Canal Embankment .
- 1955-1958 - Residential building of the Literary Fund - Writer House, Malaya Posadskaya ul. , eight
Family
- Brother - Valentin Lvovich Schwartz (1902-1988), engineer.
- Wife (1920-1930) - actress Gayane Nikolaevna Khalaidzhieva (based on the stage of Kholodov , 1898-1983).
- Daughter - Natalia Evgenievna Kryzhanovskaya (1929-1995), was married to entomologist Oleg Leonidovich Kryzhanovsky .
- Grandson - poet Andrei Olegovich Kryzhanovsky (1950-1994) [18] . Granddaughter - Maria Olegovna Kryzhanovskaya (born 1954).
- Daughter - Natalia Evgenievna Kryzhanovskaya (1929-1995), was married to entomologist Oleg Leonidovich Kryzhanovsky .
- The second wife - Ekaterina Ivanovna Zilber (in the name of Obukh , 1904-1963), in her first marriage was married to the composer Alexander Alexandrovich Zilber (pseudonym Ruchev, 1899-1970), brother of the writer Veniamin Kaverin and immunologist Lev Zilber [19] .
- Cousin - Honored Artist of the RSFSR Anton Isaakovich Schwartz (1896-1954), reciter-reciter. With him, E.L. Schwartz lived in the same room as a student and was close all his life.
Rewards
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (12.28.1956)
- medals
Compositions
Pieces
- 1928 - Underwood - play in 3 acts
- 1932 - "Trivia" - a play for a puppet theater
- 1934 - “Treasure” - a tale in 4 acts
- 1934 - The Princess and the Swineherd
- 1934 - “The Naked King " - a tale in 2 acts
- 1934 - “The Adventures of Hohenstaufen” - plays
- 1936 - Little Red Riding Hood - a fairy tale in 3 acts
- 1939 - “The Snow Queen ” - a tale in 4 acts on Andersen themes
- 1939 - “Puppet City” - a play for a puppet theater
- 1940 - “ Shadow ” - a tale in 3 acts
- 1940 - “The Tale of Lost Time” - “A play for the puppet theater” in 3 acts
- 1940 - "Brother and Sister"
- 1941 - Our Hospitality
- 1941 - “Under the linden trees of Berlin” (together with M. M. Zoshchenko ) - anti-fascist play - pamphlet
- 1942 - “Far Land”
- 1943 - “One Night” - a play in 3 acts
- 1944 - The Dragon - A Tale in 3 Acts
- 1946 - “The Tale of the Brave Soldier” - a play for the puppet theater
- 1948 - “One Hundred Friends” - a play for a puppet theater
- 1953 - “Two Maples” - a tale in 3 acts
- 1956 - “ Ordinary Miracle ” - a tale in 3 acts
- a revision entitled “The Bear” was written in 1954 but not published.
- 1957 - “The Tale of Young Spouses” / “First Year” - play in 3 acts
Scripting
- 1930 - True Hunters (film) Written by
- 1931 - Commodity 717. Dumb film. Co-author V. Petrov. Director N.I. Lebedev.
- 1934 - Wake Helen (middle-length, co-authored with Nikolai Oleinikov )
- 1936 - On vacation (film) (co-authored with Nikolai Oleinikov )
- 1936 - Helen and grapes (medium-length, co-authored with N. M. Oleinikov )
- 1938 - Dr. Aibolit
- 1945 - Winter's Tale (co-authored with Ivan Ivanov-Vano ), - animated , to the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky
- 1947 - Cinderella (1945 script)
- 1948 - First grader
- 1957 - Don Quixote
- 1959 - Mary the Artisan
- 1963 - Cain XVIII (script of 1947 , according to the tale "Two Friends", - in collaboration with N. R. Erdman )
- 1966 - The Snow Queen
Unrealized
- 1936 - Little Red Riding Hood (cartoon) (co-authored with Nikolai Oleinikov ) [20]
Other works
- 1925 - Tales of the Old Balalaika,
- 1943 - “Two Brothers” (fairy tale),
- “The New Adventures of Puss in Boots” (fairy tale)
- 1949 - The First Grader (novel),
- “The Adventures of Shura and Marusi” (short story)
- “The Scattered Wizard” (fairy tale)
- Poems (1920s - 1950s)
- “Alien Girl” (short story)
- 1982 - Memoirs. Paris,
- Diaries (published in 1989 )
Editions
- 1930 - "Map with Adventures." M .; L .: GIZ
- 1930 - Underwood. Play". M .; L .: GIZ
- 1932 - The Adventures of the Flies. L .: 1932
- 1933 - The Treasure. Play. M .; L .: 1933, 1934, 1936
- 1937 - The Little Red Riding Hood. M .; L .: 1937, 1939
- 1939 - The Snow Queen. M .; L .: Art
- 1940 - The Shadow. L .: 1940
- 1949 - "Our factory." M .; L .: Detgiz, 1951
- 1949 - "First grader." M .; L .: Detgiz
- 1947 - "First grader." Movie script. M .: Goskinozdat
- 1956 - “The Shadow and Other Pieces.” L .: Soviet writer
- 1958 - The Tale of Young Spouses. M .; L .: Art
- 1997 - The Phone Book. - M .: Art
- 2008 - “Vertebrae of bygone days.” - M .: Vagrius,
- 2008 - “An Ordinary Miracle” / Compiled and written by Alexander Korin [21] . - M .: Eksmo
- 2012 - “All Works: Prose; Plays Poems". - M .: Astrel,
- 2013 - “The vicissitudes of fate. Memoirs of an era from the diaries of a writer. ” - M .: AST
Theatrical performances
- Leningrad Youth Theater
- 1929 - Underwood - directors A. A. Bryantsev and B. V. Zon
- 1933 - “ Treasure ” - directed by B.V. Zon
- 1938 - “ Puss in Boots ” - directed by P.K. Weisbrom
- 1939 - “The Snow Queen ” - director B.V. Zon
- 1954 - “ Two Maples ” - directed by P.K. Weisbrom
- Moscow Youth Theater
- 1944 - “Far Land” - directed by A. Krichko
- Comedy Theater
- 1940 - “ Shadow ” - director N. P. Akimov
- 1941 ( August 12 ) - “ Under the Linden of Berlin ” - director N. Akimov
- 1962 - “ Dragon ” - director N. P. Akimov
- DTC
- 1948 - “The Snow Queen ” - directors O. I. Pyzhova , B. Bibikov [1]
- “The Snow Queen ” - director A. A. Nekrasova
- Moscow Film Theater
- 1956 - “ Ordinary Miracle ” - director E. P. Garin
- " Contemporary "
- 1960 - The Naked King - director O. N. Efremov
- Moscow Drama Theater named after K. S. Stanislavsky
- 1960 - “The Snow Queen” - director E. Yu. Zavadsky
- Rain Theater (St. Petersburg)
- 1997 - “The Snow Queen” - director Natalya Nikitina
- Moscow Theater of Music and Drama Stas Namin
- “The Snow Queen ” - director G.V. Karpov
- "Free Theater"
- 2003 - “The Naked King” - based on the tales of Hans Christian Andersen and the play by E. L. Schwartz, director A. L. Artimenev .
- Theater "MEL"
- 1994 - “The Snow Queen ” (a performance of a theater studio)
- 2005 - “The Snow Queen ” - director E. Makhonina
- 2006 - “The Tale of Lost Time” - directed by E. Makhonina
- 2010 - “The Naked King” - directed by A. V. Astashkin (performance of a theater studio)
- Theater on Serpukhovka p / r Teresa Durova
- 2006 - “ Dragon ” - directed by V.V. Mirzoyev
- State Musical Theater of National Art n / a Vladimir Nazarov
- 2008 - “ Shadow ” - director A. V. Nazarov
- 2011 - “ Cinderella ” - director A. V. Nazarov
- German theater
- 1947 - The Shadow , directed by G. Grundgens
- Theater in the Southwest
- 1981-2002 - “ Dragon ” - directed by V. Belyakovich
- Penza Regional Drama Theater named after A.V. Lunacharsky
- 1953 - “The Snow Queen ” - director Yu. Mizetskiy
- 1963 - “ Two Maples ” - directed by S. Shpanov
- 1988 - “ Dragon ” - director Valery Belyakovich
- 1989 - “ Two Maples ” - directed by Anatoly Gulyaev
- 1998 - “ Little Red Riding Hood ” - director Anatoly Gulyaev
- 2009 - “ Two Maples ” - director Elena Babaeva
- 2010 - “ Cinderella ” - director German Magnusov
- 2012 - “An Ordinary Miracle” - directed by Andrey Shlyapin
Lviv Theater of Young Spectators
- 2004 - “ Dragon ” - director Evgeny Lavrenchuk , producer Dmitry Balashov
- Leningrad State Theater Lenin Komsomol
- 1988 - “ Dragon ” - directed by Gennady Egorov
- Moscow Art Theater named after A.P. Chekhov
- 2017 - “ Dragon ” - director Konstantin Bogomolov
Films
- 1947 - Cinderella - directors Nadezhda Kosheverova and Mikhail Shapiro
- 1959 - Mary the Artisan - Director A. A. Rowe
- 1963 - Cain XVIII after the tale "Two Friends".
- 1964 - An Ordinary Miracle - scriptwriters and directors E.P. Garin and H.A. Lokshina
- 1964 - The Tale of Lost Time - screenwriter V. A. Lifshits , director A. L. Ptushko
- 1966 - The Snow Queen , director Gennady Kazan
- 1971 - Shadow - scriptwriters Yu. T. Dunsky , V. S. Frid , director N. N. Kosheverova
- 1978 - An Ordinary Miracle - Scriptwriter and Director Mark Zakharov
- 1978 - Enchanted brothers ( German Die verzauberten Brüder ) - an Austrian television movie based on the play Two Maples [22]
- 1988 - Kill the Dragon - scriptwriters G.I. Gorin , M.A. Zakharov , director M.A. Zakharov
- 1991 - The Shadow, or Maybe everything will work out . Based on the play “Shadow” . scriptwriter and director M. M. Kozakov , composer V. S. Dashkevich
- Cartoons
- 1978 - The Tale of Lost Time [23]
- 1977 - Two Maples [24]
- 1990 - The Tale of Lost Time (musical-puppet film-performance) - directed by Dmitry Gendenstein
- 2001 “ Two Brothers: A Story from Russia ” ( Eng. “The Two Brothers: A Story from Russia” ) - a series of the animated series “ Animated Tales of the World ” ( Eng. “Animated Tales of the World” ) [25]
- 2004 “ New Year's Adventure of Two Brothers ” ( Animos ).
Memory
[26]
- In Maykop, on the building of a real school (now the 5th gymnasium), where E. Schwartz studied, a memorial plaque was installed.
- In St. Petersburg, the alley is named after the writer.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Schwartz, Evgeny Lvovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 p.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Babelio
- ↑ Eugene Schwartz in the movie // Session . - 1996. - No. 14.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Memorial. Eugene Schwartz // Polit.ru . - 10.21.2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Elena Rumanovskaya “Eugene Schwartz on Jews and Jewry”
- ↑ Evgeny Binevich . Eugene Schwartz. Chronicle of life. Petropolis, 2008. Fedor Sergeyevich Larin was the illegitimate son of the Ryazan landowner Telepnev, after marriage he took the name of his wife (Shelkov). After the early death of her husband, the writer’s grandmother Alexandra Vasilievna Shelkova brought up seven children herself. У матери были братья Гавриил (держал акциз на торговлю спиртным), Фёдор ( присяжный стряпчий Одесского окружного суда), Николай (работал в конторе Тульского оружейного завода ), сёстры Александра, Екатерина и Зинаида.
- ↑ Александр Корин «Сердце о сказку греется»
- ↑ Берка (после крещения Борис Лукич) Шварц, мастер по мебели, происходил из местечка Пяски Люблинской губернии , владел мебельным магазином и мастерской, его жена Хая-Бейла Гершевна (после крещения Бальбина Григорьевна) была домохозяйкой. Лев Борисович Шварц обучался в Керченской Александровской гимназии, затем в Екатеринодарской мужской гимназии (окончил в 1892 году и в том же году поступил на медицинский факультет Казанского университета ). У Б. Л. Шварца были братья Исаак (врач- отоларинголог , актёр-любитель), Александр (адвокат) и Самсон (по сцене Григорий Кудрявцев, театральный актёр), сёстры Розалия и Мария (музыканты). Вся семья Шварцев приняла лютеранство .
- ↑ Зубцов Ю. Оксюмороны Евгения Шварца // Домовой. — 2003. — № 12.
- ↑ Шварц Е. Из автобиографической прозы. Письма. Воспоминания о писателе. М. , 1991.
- ↑ Чуковский Н. К. О том, что видел. — М., 2005. — ISBN 5-235-02681-0 .
- ↑ Русские детские писатели XX века. Биобиблиографический словарь. — С. 489.
- ↑ Русские детские писатели XX века. Биобиблиографический словарь. — С. 491.
- ↑ Евгений Шварц в Котельниче
- ↑ Могила Е. Л. Шварца
- ↑ Архитектурный сайт Санкт-Петербурга Citywalls.RU : Моховая ул., 39
- ↑ Татьяна Белогорская «Я думаю стихами. К 20-летию кончины Андрея Крыжановского, внука сказочника Евгения Шварца»
- ↑ Ирина Чайковская. Татьяна Белогорская как «хранительница памяти»
- ↑ Биневич Е. О «Красной шапочке» Шварца и Олейникова // Сеанс . — № 14 .
- ↑ Кроме четырёх широко известных сказок Шварца («Голый король», «Тень», «Дракон», «Обыкновенное чудо»), сборник содержит шуточную пьесу «Торжественное заседание», стихи, мемуарные и дневниковые записи, письма жене.
- ↑ Die verzauberten Brüder (1978) // IMDb.com.
- ↑ Сказка о потерянном времени // Аниматор.ру.
- ↑ Два клёна // Аниматор.ру.
- ↑ The Two Brothers: A Story from Russia // IMDb.com.
- ↑ Eugene Schwartz street alley in St. Petersburg - 2GIS . 2gis.ru. Date of treatment December 15, 2018.
Literature
- Tsymbal S. Good and merciless fantasy of the storyteller // Schwartz E. Plays. - M.-L .: 1962.
- We knew Eugene Schwartz / Ed. N.K. Wojciechowska. - L.-M.: Art, 1966.
- Sabinina I. Old Tales in a New Way // Schwartz E. Ordinary Miracle. - M .: Olma-press, 2001.
Links
- Poems by Eugene Schwartz
- Eugene Schwartz on the website of the magazine " Session "
- Scans of books by E.L. Schwartz in the children's online library