Aleksandr Kirillovich Krupsky ( 1845 - 1911 ) - Russian scientist and engineer , chemist - technologist , professor , his works are devoted to the theory of chemical technology [1] , Acting State Councilor , Academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, one of the founders of the Russian Chemical Society . Known as the founder of the St. Petersburg Albumin Plant, he was later the leader in the construction of the brewery P. Durdin and the builder of the oil extraction plant S. D. Bashmakov in the Tambov province .
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| Scientific field | chemical Technology |
| Place of work | St. Petersburg Practical Technological Institute |
| Alma mater | St. Petersburg University (1867) |
| Academic rank | Academician of SPbAN |
| Famous students | A.E. Porai-Koshits , P.P. Fedotiev, A.M. Sokolov |
Content
Biography
Came from the old gentry Krupsky family. Born in St. Petersburg on August 28, 1845 ; his father is Archpriest Kirill Kirillovich Krupsky .
He studied at the 5th gymnasium of St. Petersburg (issue 1862). In 1867 he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University . Then he studied abroad for about 3 years: at the Zurich Polytechnic School and at the University of Leipzig ; worked in the laboratories of J. Wieslicenus (Zurich), A. Kolbe and A. Strecker (Leipzig). In 1868 he became a founding member of the Russian Chemical Society .
He entered the service on March 4, 1869. In the autumn of 1871, on the recommendation of D. I. Mendeleev , he was elected as a teacher of chemical technology at the St. Petersburg Practical Technological Institute , to whom he devoted his further activities, since 1876 - with the rank of professor , then - professor emeritus. A number of his lectures were published: "Ceramics" (1884), "Production of sulfuric acid" (1885), etc.
He constantly visited the world and Russian exhibitions: St. Petersburg ( 1870 , Moscow ( 1872 ), Vienna ( 1873 ), Paris ( 1878 ), Moscow ( 1882 ), Paris ( 1889 ) .In 1893, the Teaching Institute of the Technological Institute sent a professor Krupsk the opening of the exhibition in Chicago (USA) in chemical engineering department. After his return from America he made suggestions that were the basis of the reorganization of the Institute of technology activities in preparation of engineering personnel for the industrial production of the Russian Impe ii.
In April 1889 he received the rank of full state councilor . Had awards: Order of St. Anne 1st Art. (1904), St. Stanislav 1st art. (1891), St. Vladimir 3rd art. (1886) [2] , St. Anne of the 2nd Art. (1878) [3] .
He died in St. Petersburg on April 20, 1911 .
A.K. Krupsky introduced the concept of “coefficient of working capacity of furnaces” ( pyrometric effect of the furnace, which is a function of the ratio of the surface of the grate to the surface of the hearth). Among his students were scientists in the field of ceramics, glassmaking, cement production: Professor A. E. Porai-Koshits , P. P. Fedotiev, A. G. Sokolov and others [4] .
In 1909, he was one of the first in Russia to publish a course of processes and apparatuses of chemical technology , where he described production chemical processes based on the principles of physical chemistry . Initiator of the use of oil heating for a glass melting furnace. He developed the theory of industrial furnace equipment, invented methods for calculating furnaces, and was the first to introduce the concept of the so-called “furnace coefficient”. Krupsky conducted experiments with Ernst Körting's water-lifting and blowing injectors ( German: Ernst Körting ; 1842–1921), invented and proposed a refrigeration unit for railway transport (“ice-car” or refrigerated car ), etc. At the same time, he supervised the construction of chemical plants . He developed methods for leaching sheep’s wool, etc. He knew several languages. Compiled a review of " Production of clay products ."
Publications
His main scientific studies are devoted to the formation of the foundations of the theory of chemical technology. In the work "The initial chapters of the teaching on designing in chemical technology", he paid special attention to physicochemical phenomena and the compilation of a unified classification of chemical-technological processes (periodic, continuous and mixed).
- From printed works known: " The current brewing industry abroad " (1871); “Russian chemical industry”; “Albumin from the blood” (1869); separate chapters on the means, tools and techniques of technical economy (printed in the "Bulletin of Industry"); “On Russian Glass Factories” (also there); “On the 50th anniversary of Portland cement industry in Russia”;
- “The use of accelerated evaporation in air flow and theoretical studies carried out with a model ice-car at stations and on the road”, and many other articles in the Journal of the Russian Chemical Society and in the Moscow Herald of Industry Krechetov;
- Articles: “Faience”, “Brick Production”, “Coke”, “Porcelain”, “Tiles”, “Lime in Technology”, “Mirror Production” in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron .
- Published (1884-1885 gg.) Training course "Glass production".
Some of the works:
- Chemical Technology. Large production of chemical factories. Course of lectures, cheat. in St. Petersburg. technol. Inst. A.K. Krupsky. 1875/6 - St. Petersburg: lit. Pazovsky, [1876]. - 96 p.
- The initial chapters of the design study on chemical technology. (Reaction and time. Coefficients of the working ability of reactive shells and calculation examples). Lecture Course in St. Petersburg. technol. Inst. A.K. Krupsky. - St. Petersburg, 1909
- Applications of the method of accelerated evaporation in the air stream and thermal studies performed with a model ice-car at stations and on the way / A. Krupsky. - St. Petersburg: type. “Myrrh. labor ”, 1911. - 60 p.
In October 1896, at a meeting of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, he made a report “The Russian part of the chemical bibliography” (St. Petersburg: typ. Academic Sciences, 1900. - 62 pp.).
Notes
- ↑ Krupsky Alexander Kirillovich. Big biographical encyclopedia
- ↑ Krupsky Alexander Kirillovich // List of civil ranks of the IV class: Corrected on September 1, 1910. - S. 54.
- ↑ Nechaev Petr Ivanovich // List of civil ranks of the IV class: Rev. to June 1, 1900 - S. 475.
- ↑ Museum of SPbGTI (TU) - Alexander Kirillovich Krupsky (1845-1911)
Literature
- Krupsky, Alexander Kirillovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Masanov I.F. Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures: In 4 vols. - T. 4. - M., 1960. - P. 256