Facetia ( Latin: facetia) is a joke, mostly a small comic story , a funny joke that talks about some kind of funny adventure, funny trick, witty answers and solutions to various incidents are given, various shortcomings and vices of women, rustic townspeople are ridiculed, representatives of the clergy, etc. In some cases, such ridicule becomes satire and reproof. These stories were combined in separate collections, called “fatsetsii”, and on Russian soil - “ridiculous stories”, “zharts”.
History
The humorous genre, typical of the urban class of the Renaissance , is characterized by a rough, sometimes overt naturalism. The foundation of the fascia is very often some kind of vagabond plot that has long existed in international oral and written literature .
Literary processing - in Latin - was first received from the Italian faculty by the Italian humanist Poggio Bracciolini . His collection “ Poggii Florentini Oratoris clarissimi facetiarum liber ”, compiled in the middle of the 15th century and printed originally in 1470 , has survived many editions in the 15th and 16th centuries and enjoyed great popularity. From it come Latin collections of facies Heinrich Bebel , N. Frischlin, Menander (XVI - early XVII century), then collections in national European languages - Italian - “ Motti e facetie ” M. Arlotto, “ Facetie e motti arguti ... ”, 1548, L. Domenica et al., French - a very popular book, Le Moyen de parvenir (beginning of the 17th century), attributed to Beroald de Verville , Le facétieux reveil matin des esprits mélancoliques (1715), Facétieuses journées , 1587, Contes à rire et al., Up to Voltaire 's Facéties parisiennes , German Scherz mit der Warheit and Schimpf und Ernst Johann Paul et al.
At the beginning of the 17th century, a collection entitled “ Facetiae facetiarum ” was published, which is a peculiar phenomenon in the development of a comic novel: here they had a collection of the most learned speculations, some sort of dissertations, on the most curious topics, with quotes — throughout the whole form of scholastic science — quotes from ancient and new writers.
Appearance in Russia
The fascia penetrated Russian soil in the 17th century. In the inventory of the tsarist library dating back to that time, mention was made of the humorous collection Democretus Laughing, that is Democritus ridens, the most popular Latin collection translated and printed in Russia in the 18th century. There was also a mention of another similar book - "A book in German about rude peasant ignorance." By 1680 there was a translation of the facies into Russian from the Polish original, apparently from the book “Facecje polskie, ownartowne a trefne powieści biesiadne ...”, a translation that has come down to us on several lists, one of them is entitled: “Frashki, or mockery: faketsii or Polish fries, ridicule is ridiculous in Moscow ”with the subtitle“ Tales are ridiculous, but there are accusations of commonplace, ”the other -“ Fazets, or Polish fries, stories, arbors, Moscow consolations, ”etc. The material of the facies can be found in abundance printed in Russia XVIII century. collections - “Comrade reasonable and intricate”, “Writer” by Kurganov, “The adventures of Ivan the son of the living”, “The old merry fellow”, “Narrator of funny fables”, “Funny and humorous Melander” and others. Fazetia used a lot of popular literature and folklore .
Literature
- Fazetzia // Literary Encyclopedia : in 11 vols. - [ M. ], 1929-1939.
The article uses the text from the Literary Encyclopedia of 1929-1939 , which passed into the public domain , as it was published anonymously and the name of the author did not become known until January 1, 1992.