Thulium (III) oxide is a binary inorganic compound of thulium and oxygen with the chemical formula Tm 2 O 3 .
| Thulium oxide | |
|---|---|
| Are common | |
| Systematic name | Thulium oxide (III) |
| Traditional names | Thulium Sesquioxide |
| Chem. formula | Tm 2 O 3 |
| Physical properties | |
| condition | solid |
| Molar mass | 385.866 g / mol |
| Density | 8.88 g / cm³ |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | 2380 ° C |
| Coeff. warm expansion | 6.8 · 10 −6 K −1 [1] [2] |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | 12036-44-1 |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| Reg. EC number | 234-851-6 |
| ChemSpider | |
Content
Getting
Thulium oxide can be obtained by oxidizing thulium metal in an oxygen atmosphere.
or thermal decomposition of nitrates, oxalates, sulfates, carbonates in air above 800–900 ° C.
Physical Properties
Thulium (III) oxide is a colorless crystal. It has a cubic crystal lattice of the NaCl type (space group Ia3 ) with a lattice period of 1.4866 nm. At temperatures above 2280 ° C, the cubic lattice transforms into the hexagonal one with parameters c = 0.604 nm and a = 0.378 nm.
It also forms a monoclinic lattice (space group C2 / m ) with lattice parameters a = 1.318 nm, b = 0.3447 nm, c = 0.8505 nm, β = 100 o 20 ', which is stable above 1005 ° C at an external pressure of 4 GPa. The metastable monoclinic phase in thulium oxide can be obtained by quenching followed by depressurization [3] [4] .
At temperatures above 1500 ° C in vacuum, an inert gas or hydrogen medium loses a small amount of oxygen to a composition of Tm 2.00 O 2.80 .
It is an antiferromagnet with a band gap of 5.1 eV and a magnetic susceptibility of 78340 ∙ 10 −6 cm 3 / mol [5] .
It has the following physical and mechanical properties [1] [2] :
- Poisson's ratio 0.292
- Elastic modulus 162.2 GPa
- Shear modulus 62.9 GPa
- Bending Strength 138 MPa
Application
It is used as a working form of the Tm-170 isotope in radioisotope energy sources with a specific power of 2-3 W / g or a volume power of 18-27 W / cm 3 [1] .
As an activator in phosphors .
As an active impurity of fiber optical fibers based on quartz glass with a luminescence region of 1.7-1.9 μm [6] . Also in yttrium-aluminum garnet lasers with a radiation wavelength of 1.9-2.1 microns.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 PK Smith, JR Keski, and CL Angerman. Properties of thulium metal and oxide. Savannah. River Laboratory, Aiken, SC, Report DP-1114, June. 1967.
- ↑ 1 2 WR Manning, O. Hunter. Elastic properties of polycrystalline thulium oxide and lutetium oxide from 20 ° to 1000 ° C // J. Am. Ceram. Soc. - 1970. - Vol. 53, No. 5. - P. 279-280.
- ↑ Eyring L. The binary rare earth oxides, in: Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. - 1979. - Vol. 3, Chapter 27. - P. 337-399.
- ↑ HR Hoekstra, KA Gingerich. High-pressure B-type polymorphs of some rare-earth sesquioxides // Science. - 1964. - Vol. 146, No. 3648. - P. 1163-1164.
- ↑ HB Lal, V. Pratap. Low temperature magnetic susceptibility of thulium sesquioxide // Current Science. - 1976. - Vol. 45, No. 15. - P. 545.
- ↑ A. S. Kurkov, E. M. Dianov. Continuous fiber lasers of medium power // Quantum Electronics. - 2004. - T. 34, No. 10. - P. 881-900.