Koman languages - a family of obscure languages, common in a relatively limited part of the Ethiopian - Sudanese border zone. Usually they are considered within the framework of the Nile-Saharan macro family , but the position in its system is debatable and varies greatly from individual authors. Thus, according to L. Bender [1], this group is considered as a part of the “core” of the macro-family, along with Central Sudanese and East-Sudanese languages . Other authors ( J. Greenberg [2] , C. Eret [3] ) carried them to the periphery. Coman languages very early separated from the trunk of the Proto-Nilo-Saharan languages - between 11 and 15 thousand years BC. er [four]
| Koman languages | |
|---|---|
| Taxon | family |
| Status | generally accepted |
| Area | Sudan , Ethiopia |
| The number of carriers | no more than 50,000 |
| Classification | |
| Category | African languages |
| Nilo-Sahara macrofamily (hypothesis) | |
| Composition | |
| uduk , kvama , komo , opuo , hum | |
| Language group codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-5 | - |
According to Ethnologue , they include:
- Uduk or Twill - about 20,000 speakers. It was previously distributed in Sudan , now mainly in a large refugee camp in the city of Bonga, Gambela region , Ethiopia .
- Kwama - approximately 15,000 carriers, mainly in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia.
- Como - approximately 12,000 carriers, mainly in the province of Blue Nile, Sudan.
- Opuo - approximately 300 carriers living in 5 villages of South Sudan.
- Gule - extinct (Sudan).
There was an assumption about the similarity of the Koman languages and the Gumuz language, within the framework of which they were united into a Komuz family [5] . Now this hypothesis is considered to be rejected, and humus is considered as an isolated language .
In addition, the Shabo language, usually classified as isolated [6] , shows the strong influence of the Koman languages, in connection with which it was suggested that he also belongs to this family [7] .
P. Shinny suggested that Maroite is related to Coman’s languages [8] .
Notes
- ↑ Lionel Bender, 1997. The Nilo-Saharan Languages: A Comparative Essay . München.
- ↑ Joseph Greenberg, 1963. The Languages of Africa (International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ Christopher Ehret, 2001. A Historical-Comparative Reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan . Köln.
- ↑ ア ー カ イ ブ さ れ た コ ピ ー . The date of circulation is July 25, 2007. Archived July 6, 2007.
- ↑ Browse by Language Family | Ethnologue . The date of circulation is February 27, 2013. Archived on March 9, 2013.
- ↑ Christopher Ehret. 1995. “Do Krongo and Shabo belong in Nilo-Saharan?”. Robert Nicolaï et Franz Rottland, eds., Fifth Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium . Nice, 24-29 août 1992.
- ↑ Fleming, Harold C. 1991. “Shabo: presentation of data and preliminary classification”, in: M. Lionel Bender (ed.), 1991, Proceedings of the Fourth Nilo Saharan Conference Bayreuth , Aug. thirty.
- ↑ Shinny P., Nubians. The powerful civilization of ancient Africa, M., 2004.