Gersh (Hirsch) Smolar ( Grigory Davidovich Smolyar , Yiddish הערש סמאָליאַר , Polish. Grzegorz Smolar - Grzegorz Smolar ; 1905 , Zambrow , the Kingdom of Poland , Russian Empire - 1993 , Tel Aviv , Israel ) - Jewish writer and journalist (and ), a Polish and Soviet communist figure, a public figure in the Jewish community of Poland . [one]
| Gersh Smolyar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הערש סמאָליאַר - Hersh Smolyar | ||||||
| Date of Birth | 1905 | |||||
| Place of Birth | Zambrow , Kingdom of Poland , Russian Empire (now Podlaskie Voivodeship , Poland ) | |||||
| Date of death | 1993 | |||||
| A place of death | Tel Aviv , Israel | |||||
| A country | ||||||
| Occupation | , | |||||
| Spouse | ||||||
| Children | and | |||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Awards
- 3 Publications
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Biography
Hersh Smolyar was born in 1905 in the family of a sparkling water producer. In 1917, he graduated from four elementary school classes. In 1918 he organized a left-wing group of Zionist youth, which he called the Union of Socialist Youth . In July 1920, during the Soviet-Polish war , when the Red Army entered Poland, he became a member of the local Revolutionary Committee, which became the reason for further control over him by the Polish police. Later he moved to Warsaw , where he joined the Communist Party of Poland .
On instructions from the party, he went to Kiev , where he became secretary of the economic department of the provincial Komsomol . At the same time, he served as secretary of the youth newspaper "Working Youth". He studied at the Jewish branch of the Moscow Communist University of National Minorities . After the death of V.I. Lenin in 1924, Hersh Smolyar was sent to the Komsomol District Congress in Uman , where he organized the so-called "Lenin tax" for the Komsomol. In 1925 he joined the CPSU (b) and was sent to Kharkov , where he worked as the editor of the magazine "Young Guard". He was later sent to Moscow .
In 1926, he was elected a member of the Central Jewish Bureau at the Central Committee of the Komsomol . In 1928, the Polish branch of the Comintern sent him to Poland, where he worked in Vilnius as secretary of the city branch of communist youth, and then as secretary of the Communist Party of Western Belarus . Soon, Hersh Smolyar was arrested and served his sentence in Vilnius prison for three years. After his release, he was appointed secretary of the Communist Party of Western Belarus in Baranovichi , Slonim and Bialystok .
Since 1934, he served as managing director of publishing affairs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Western Belarus. At the same time, he began to print in Yiddish . In 1936, he was again arrested and sentenced to six years in prison. After the outbreak of World War II, he was released from prison by the Red Army and began working as the editor of the Yiddish daily newspaper Białystokier Sztern , which was the press organ of the district branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Western Belarus. During the Nazi Germany attack on the USSR, Hersh Smolyar was in Minsk . After the surrender of Minsk by Soviet troops, he was sent to the Minsk ghetto , where in 1942 he led an underground combat organization and from where he managed to escape; Later, Hersh Smolyar served as commissar with the rank of lieutenant under the pseudonym Efim in one of the Belarusian partisan detachments operating in the Nalibokskaya Pushcha . Being in a partisan detachment he published several partisan newspapers in Russian and Yiddish.
He took part in the partisan parade held in Minsk on July 16, 1944.
In 1946, he was sent to Poland as a repatriate , where he worked in the Department of Culture and Propaganda of the Central Committee of Polish Jews . From 1949-1950 he was chairman of the Central Committee of Polish Jews instead of Adolf Berman who had left for mandated Palestine . Then until 1962, Hersh Smolyar was chairman of the Socio-Cultural Society of Jews in Poland . Until 1968, he was editor in chief of the Volkshtime newspaper. During the events of March 1968 he was expelled from the party. He published a number of books of a journalistic and memoir character in Yiddish.
In 1970, he moved through Paris to Israel, where he worked at the National Library in Jerusalem and at Tel Aviv University .
Hersh Smolyar died in Tel Aviv in 1993.
Rewards
- Guerrilla cross ;
- Order of the “Grunwald Cross” III degree;
- Order of the Banner of Labor, II degree;
- Cross of the Brave ;
- Officer Order of the Renaissance of Poland .
Publications
- פֿון מינסקער געטאָ ( fun minsker geto - from the Minsk ghetto). M .: Der Emes State Publishing House, 1946 (in Russian - Smolyar G. Avengers of the ghetto / Translated from the Jewish M. Shambadal . M: OGIZ, Der Emes Publishing House, 1947. 128 p.)
- ייִדן אָן געלע לאַטעס ( yidn he gele lates - Jews without yellow lat ). Warsaw, 1948.
- װוּ ביסטו חבֿר סידאָראָװ ( wu bistu haver Sidorov ? —— Where are you, comrade Sidorov?). Tel Aviv: Farlag I.L. Peretz , 1975.
- Menskaja geta: Barazba savetskіkh gabraya-partyzanaў suprats natsistaў. - Mensk: Tekhnalaegiya, 2002, 184 p.
Notes
Literature
- August Grabski: Działalność komunistów wśród Żydów w Polsce (1944-1949). Warszawa: Trio, 2004. ISBN 8388542877 .
- Grzegorz Berendt: Życie żydowskie w Polsce w latach 1950-1956. Z dziejów Towarzystwa Społeczno-Kulturalnego Żydów w Polsce. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 2006. ISBN 8373263853 .
Links
- Smolar Hirsch - article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia
- Hirsch Smolar . Notes on Jewish history . Date of treatment June 23, 2012. Archived on September 25, 2012.
- Wolf Rubіnchyk. Aposhny kniga zmagara (belor.) . ARCHE 6 (29) -2003. “EUROPA FOR Ў SCENE OF HELL EUROPE” .. Date of treatment March 2, 2013. Archived March 14, 2013.
- Mikhail NORDSTEIN, Jacob BASIN. SO FALSE FACILITIES . AVIV / May 2003
- Stupnikov A. Hirsch Smolar