Chuvash cape

The most important sources containing toponyms for the Chuvashev mountain, Chuvash mountain, Chuvash cape, Chuvash town, Chuvash town, Chuvash town, Chuvashevo, Chuvash town, about the Chuvash in the Siberian Khanate are the last Siberian annals - Esipovskaya and Removsovskaya Kungur chronicler ).

In the collection “Siberian Chronicles”, where Esipovskaya, Stroganovskaya and Remezovsky chronicles are presented, Chuvash toponyms are found 44 times: Chuvashye, Chuvashevo, Chuvashino, Chuvash cape, Chuvash mountain high, Chuvash town, Chuvashi town, ^[ Chuvash ^] .

In 1878-79 artist and local historian M.S. Znamensky excavated at the Cape Chuvash and found metal objects and arrowheads. These things were purely Ostyak life. The remains of the ancient Ugric settlement M. S. Znamensky mistakenly attributed to the Siberian Tatars .

Archaeological expeditions of 1970 and 1994 confirmed that in the Middle Ages on the Cape Chuvash there was an Ugric settlement ^[3] , however, by 1582 it had long been left by people, and the area looked about the same as now.

On the cape are 15 Ugric mounds, robbed back in the XVIII-XIX centuries. ^[4] .

The historian P. A. Slovtsov noted that there can be no Chuvash in Siberian history and suggested translating the name of the cape from the Ostyak language.

Pod Chuvashi means in Ostyak language the coastal village

- Chuvash Mys. From archaeological and historical drafts M.S. Znamenskago . - Tobolsk, 1891. - 14 p.

MS Znamensky in his essays suggested that the name “Under the Chuvash” translates as “deer town”. As evidence, Znamensky cited information that back in the middle of the XIX century. a lot of deer antlers were lying on the cape ^[4] .

G.F. Miller, in his History of Siberia, written from documentary and narrative sources that he personally collected as part of the Great Siberian Expedition of 1733-1743, drew attention to the Chuvash toponymy in Siberian annals and the mention of the Chuvash ethnic group in them. Touching on the Chuvash warriors in the Kuchum’s army defending the Chuvash town (Chuvash city, Chuvashevo town, Chuvash town), the academician writes:

In all likelihood, this town was inhabited by the Chuvash, whom the khan had once taken out of Kazan.

- Miller G.F. History of Siberia. TI S. 229.

The historian VD Dimitriev , relying on the materials of the Remezov annals, connects the name of the Chuvash cape with the town erected by the Chuvash warriors ^[5] .

24 article. In the second summer (of his reign, that is, in 1564 - V.D.), driving to Kuchyum to Kazan and the daughter of the Kazan Tsar Murat, he took his wife and many of her, Chyuvash and Abyz and Ruskago, full of people and arrived in Siberia gloriously

- Remezovsky chronicle according to the Mirovichev list. - S. 319-320

Translation: “In the second year [of his reign, that is, in 1564 - V. D.], going to Kazan, Kuchum married the daughter of Kazan Tsar Murat, and with her many Chuvash and Abyz, and Russian captives, and arrived to Siberia, lived in high esteem. "

Since by 1564 the Kazan Khanate no longer existed, and the name Murat does not appear in the list of Kazan khans, that is, there are doubts about the authenticity of the events described in the Remezov annals.

61 articles. October, 1 day, having quit Kuchyumlyany for scolding to beating in the plows and then attacking the krepets, I fight with Kuchyum himself, although I took Chyuvash grad on Mount Chyuvash and put this to rest in the winter, but I’m very safe to sit . And those days were spent, and unharmed by the help of the great God, we sailed back in the Ata town, returning and gray-haired that.

- Remezovsky chronicle according to the Mirovichev list. - S. 229–230

Translation: “And on October 1, [Cossacks] went on a battle with the Kuchumlyans in the plows to the notch and from here they went on the offensive, boldly fighting with Kuchum himself, wanting to take the city of Chuvash on Mount Chuvash and settle here for the winter, they say, we’ll be reliably hidden under siege , since the city of Chuvash was fortified with trenches [redoubts]. And that day having fought, they sailed back unscathed by the help of the great God, they returned to the town of Ata and settled in it. "

63 articles. The Cossacks thought of a perfect blow, and the fourth battle from Kuchumlyany. I’m standing on the mountain with Kuchyumu, and his son Mametkul at the barrow, always the Cossacks, by God's will, having come out of the city unanimously saying: “God is with us, understand tongues and repent, as God is with us.” And all together, and quickly swear the great news of October for 23 days, pulling oneself up in arms, shearing her own contrary. I’m shooting Kuchyum from the mountain, the Cossacks are burning a lot of fire without healing, killing them; the trash, nudimi Kuchyum, ot kazakov velmi oskudevasha, crying, involuntarily beating, dying.

- Remezovsky chronicle according to the Mirovichev list. - S. 330

Translation: “And then all the Cossacks conceived the final blow, and there was this battle with the fourth Kuchumlyans. Kuchum stood on the mountain near the barrow with his son Mametkul. And then, according to the will of God, the Cossacks left the town, unanimously exclaiming: “God is with us! Think, heathens, and submit, because God is with us! ”And on October 23 a battle began and a great battle took place, they fought hand-to-hand, defeating their opponents. Kuchum shot [from the mountain]. Cossacks from a firearm shot many wicked, killing to death. “The wicked, forced by Kuchum, suffered greatly from the Cossacks, fighting not of their own free will, cried, dying.”

64 articles. Kuchumlyan’s weapons were not the same, just like bows and arrows, a copy and sabers; two guns at Chyuvash; Cossacks; after saying golk ih; they threw them from the mountain to Yrtysh. Standing Kuchyum on the Chuvash mountain and seeing his many fall, green crying himself and all the trash, and led the agun and his abyzam to cry out his idol to Velmi idol, sleeping their gods; and helpless to dwell and dishonored, nudim by the invisible power of God and thinking of running away; and after three days I’ll rest without rest

- Remezovsky chronicle according to the Mirovichev list. - S. 330

Translation: “The Kuchum people had no guns, only bows and arrows, spears and sabers, the Chuvash had two guns, the Cossacks silenced them, and they threw them from the mountain to Irtysh. When Kuchum stood on the Chuvash mountain, he saw large among his losses, he prayed with tears himself and all the infidels, ordering the Aguns and Abyz people to appeal with a prayer to the idols, but their gods were sleeping, and [Kuchum] turned out to be helpless and disgraced, cramped by invisible force, and decided to flee. sleep relentlessly.

According to the results of a study of Siberian chronicles, V. D. Dimitriev concludes that a detachment of service Chuvash sent by Kazan Khan Safa-Girey in the 1520s. in the city of Siberia , was placed on the cape, later called the Chuvash cape. The Chuvash warriors erected a town there, fortified on both sides by a shallow moat and a low rampart. The town was served by serving Chuvashs and Russian gunners, later on their descendants. The battle in October 1581 took place between the Yermak detachment and the Chuvash, as well as the Tatar and Ostyak-Vogul detachments that arrived in the Chuvash town, headed by Kuchum Khan ^[6] .

• Chuvash Mys. From archaeological and historical drafts M.S. Znamenskago (inaccessible link) . - Tobolsk, 1891. - 14 p.
• Dimitriev V. D. About the Chuvashs in the Siberian Khanate // Chuvash Humanitarian Bulletin. - 2011. - Issue. 6.
• Remezov S.U. Siberian History (translation into modern Russian)
• Remezov S.U. Siberian History (Old Slavonic Original)
• Remezov Chronicle according to the Mirovichev list
• Siberian annals [Electronic resource]: ed. The emperor. archeogr. comis. / State. Bug Yugra, Ros. nat. b-ka. - The electron. rep version play ed. - Yekaterinburg: Basco, 2007. - 1 electron. opt. disk (CD-ROM). - (Electronic library of Ugra).
• Siberian annals. - St. Petersburg, 1907.
• Chuvashs in the Siberian Khanate - article from the Chuvash Encyclopedia

• Cape Chuvash - the sacred place of Siberia - from the official site of the administration of Tobolsk
• Alafeevsky mountains