Ostrovno (Tver Oblast)

The village is located in the Udomelsky district of the Tver region on the 17th kilometer of the road from Udomly in the north-west direction towards Kotlovan and Lipen on the shores of Lake Ostrovensky ^[1] .

Before the revolution, Ostrovno belonged to the Kuzminsky volost of the Vyshnevolotsky district, in the village there was a church in honor of Dmitry Solunsky built in 1778 ^[2] , and around were the estates of the landowners well-known in this region: in the village was the estate of the “Ostrovno” Ushakovs ^[2] , one and a half kilometers from the village there was the estate "Gorka" Turchaninovs ^{[3] [4]} , also there were estates of Minutes and others ^[1] .

In the 70s of the XIX century, a school was opened in the village ^[1] .

At different times, priests Vladimir (Damaskin) ^[5] and Dimitri Udomelsky ^[6] served in the rural church.

Count Aleksey Andreyevich Arakcheev (1769-1834) visited the noblemen of the Korsakovs in the village at the age of eleven ^[7] .

In the late XIX - early XX centuries, a whole galaxy of famous Russian artists and writers lived and worked in Ostrovno. The first to the Ushakovs' estate in the summer of 1893, after working in the village of Girino on the Mste River, Isaac Levitan arrived with his companion Sofya Kuvshinnikova ^[7] . In the summer of 1894, Levitan, along with Sofia Kuvshinnikova again came to these places and settled at the Ushakovs in the estate of Ostrovno, on the shores of the lake of the same name. Here he painted the painting “Autumn. Manor ”and the plot of the picture“ Over Eternal Peace ”was formed.

In the estate of the Ushakovs, a love drama broke out. An involuntary witness to this drama was Tatyana Lvovna Schepkina-Kupernik , invited by Sofia Petrovna. Anna Nikolaevna Turchaninova came to the Turchaninov’s estate “Gorka” from St. Petersburg, with whom an affair began with Levitan. The insulted Kuvshinnikova returned to Moscow and never met Levitan again.

T. L. Shchepkina-Kupernik described the plot and development of the following events:

“The idyll of our life was broken by the middle of summer. The neighbors arrived, the family of a prominent St. Petersburg official / Ivan Nikolaevich Turchaninov /, who had a manor nearby. Having learned that a celebrity lives here, Levitan, paid a visit to Sofya Petrovna, and a relationship began. It was a mother and two charming girls of our years. Mother was Sophia Petrovna, but very songni, with tinted lips (S.P. despised paint), in graceful, correct toilets, with endurance and grace of the St. Petersburg coquette ... And so a struggle ensued.

We, the younger ones, continued their half-lives, and a drama was playing before our eyes ... Levitan frowned, more and more often disappeared with his Vesta / dog / “on the hunt”. Sofya Petrovna walked with a burning face, and all this ended in the complete victory of the Petersburg lady and the breakup between Levitan and Sofia Petrovna ...

But Levitan’s further romance was not happy either: he was complicated by the fact that the eldest daughter of the heroine fell in love with him without memory and there was a dull struggle between her and her mother, which poisoned all the last years of his life.

And many years later, when neither Levitan nor Kuvshinnikova was already alive, I ... described their story in the story “Elders” published in the Bulletin of Europe: now you can confess this! ” ^[8]

Isaac Ilyich moved to the Turchaninov estate. At the mouth of the stream stream, which shared the land of the Turchaninovs estate, a two-storey house was built specifically for Levitan as a workshop, since the estate did not have large rooms for work (the workshop was jokingly called a "synagogue"). The workshop burned down, as they recall, under the Turchaninovs in early 1904 ^{[4] [9]} .

In mid-March 1895, Levitan again came to Gorka. It was then that in several sessions he painted the picture " March " from the Turchaninovs house.

But "the strongest melancholy brought him to the most terrible state." June 21, 1895 Levitan imitated a suicide attempt - fired. The fact that the “suicide attempt” was a theatrical gesture is also evidenced by the report of the doctor I. I. Troyanovsky, who, recalling this, wrote on December 8, 1895: “... I didn’t see any signs of a wound from him, I heard from him about it, but he reacted to this as an attempt "with unsuitable means" or as a tragic comedy . " At the request of Levitan himself and the subsequent request of Anna Turchaninova, Gorki came and visited his friend Anton Pavlovich Chekhov in July 1895. Anton Pavlovich was convinced that there was no danger to life, he stayed for 5 days and returned to Moscow, shocked by what had happened.

In 1895, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov thus described Ostrovno ^[3] :

A telegram arrived, and I found myself on the shore of one of the lakes 70-90 miles from the station. Bogo. I’ll live here a week or a half and go back to Lopasnia. Here on the lake the weather is dull and cloudy. The roads are sour, lousy hay, children have a painful appearance ... I just arrived here and am in a two-story house, again cut down from an old forest on the lake. They called me here to the patient. I’ll return home, probably in 5 days, but if you write to me, I will have time to receive it. Estate Turchaninova. Coldly. The terrain is swampy. It smells of Polovtsy and Pechenegs.

Based on the love drama seen in Ostrovno, Chekhov wrote the story “A House with a Mezzanine” and the play “The Seagull ”, which caused Levitan’s insult ^[10] .

In August, Levitan wrote "Nenufara", and in the fall, on the river Syezh half a kilometer from the estate - " Golden Autumn ". Artists Vladimir Nikolaevich Davydov and Lavrenty Dmitrievich Donskoy visited Ostrovno Levitan ^[2] .

Subsequently, artists Vitold Kaetanovich Bialynitsky-Birulya (1872-1957), Alexander Viktorovich Moravov (1878-1951), Nikolai Petrovich Bogdanov-Belsky (1868-1945), Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin (1861-1939) ^[11] lived and worked in the Gorki estate ^{. [12]} , Stanislav Yulianovich Zhukovsky (1875-1944), Vasily Vasilyevich Rozhdestvensky (1884-1963) ^[4] , philosopher B. P. Vysheslavtsev ^[7] , writer N. A. Zvorykin. ^[1] . K. A. Korovin in Ostrovno wrote the works “Woman with a Guitar” (1919), “In the Room” (1919), “At the Window” (1919), “Woman's Portrait” (1920, probably a portrait of Vysheslavtseva), “On the Terrace” "(1920)," Noon on the terrace " ^[13] .

In the village in the last years of her life, Anna Ilyinichna Khomentovskaya , a historian and philologist who worked in the field of Italian humanism of the Renaissance, lived and died in 1942 ^{[14] [15]} .

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  I.I. Levitan . "Autumn. Manor ". The painting was painted in 1894, when Levitan was visiting Gorka estate. ^[four]

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  I.I. Levitan . " Above eternal rest ." Sketches for the painting were painted by the artist in Ostrovno. ^[7]

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  I.I. Levitan . March . The picture shows a part of the main house of the Gork estate. ^[four]

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  I.I. Levitan . Nenufara. The painting was painted in Ostrovno.

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  I.I. Levitan . Golden Autumn . The painting was painted on the banks of the Syezh River, near Ostrovno.

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  I.I. Levitan . "Autumn landscape with a church (Church in Ostrovno)." ^[2]

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  I.I. Levitan . "Spring. White lilac (House in Ostrovno) » ^[2]

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  N.P. Bogdanov-Belsky . "New owners (Interiors of the house in Ostrovno)." ^[2]

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  N.P. Bogdanov-Belsky . "Children in the lesson." The painting depicts students of the Ostrovensky school. ^[one]

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  A.V. Moravov . "Near the window. Portrait of V.V. Ushakova. " ^[2]