White-blooded fish [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] , or White- blooded fish [ 6] ( lat. Channichthyidae ) is a family of Antarctic marine ray-finned fish of the suborder nototenoid-like order of perciform , whose representatives inhabit the cold waters of Antarctica and Subantarctic, as well as The music of the Falkland-Patagonian region of South America [6] [7] . About 25 species in 11 genera [8] .
| Blue blood fish | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Prickly Chionodraco hamatus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Channelsichthyidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chaenichthyidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Description
The body is elongated, lacking scales, covered with a well-developed layer of mucus [6] [7] . The head is more or less compressed dorsoventrally with a noticeably elongated, flattened dorsoventral oar-like snout and a very large retractable mouth. The teeth on the jaws are small, conical, arranged in several rows. In the upper part of the capella, there are usually well-developed simple or branching spines. Pectoral fins large, fan-shaped, with 18–27 rays. Abdominal fins jugular or jugular-thoracic, wide or elongated. Two, as a rule, are clearly separated by the inter-dorsal space of the dorsal fins: the first fin is relatively short, with 3–15 soft spines; in the second dorsal fin, 26–47 soft segmented rays. In anal fin 24-49 rays. The caudal fin is truncated or rounded, occasionally slightly emarginate, has 11-12 main rays. Two or three lateral lines with bone segments or rounded bone plates and free neuromasts. Gill rakers, lamellar, serrated or rudimentary, smooth. The total number of vertebrae is 49–71, of which 22–31 are trunk and 25–43 are caudal [6] [7] .
Blood is essentially a colorless or slightly yellowish plasma, since it practically does not contain any shaped elements - mature forms of red blood cells and hemoglobin , and in the muscles, as a rule, myoglobin is absent or is contained in extremely small quantities. Most species live in extremely cold conditions of high latitude Antarctica on the verge of freezing water (up to −1.9 ° C ). The main gas exchange is carried out not through the gills, but through the extremely vascularized skin of the chest region of the trunk and the epithelium of the oral cavity (up to 75%) [9] [10] [11] . Mostly benthic solitary species, some species can form large clusters and partially lead a pelagic lifestyle ( Champsocephalus gunnari ). Pelagic juveniles. Coastal and deep-sea species living at depths from several meters to 2000 m ( Chionobathyscus dewitti ), mainly in the high-latitude Antarctic. One species ( Champsocephalus esox ) inhabits the temperate waters of the Falkland-Patagonian shelf of South America. Predators and zooplankton. The total length is 25–75 cm [6] [7] .
Some species (for example, the pike-shaped whitefish Champsocephalus gunnari , known under the commercial name “ ice fish ”) are commercial, have good taste, tender light meat and are used in cooking [12] .
Systematics
11 genera and about 25 species [6] [8] .
- Chaenocephalus Regan, 1913 .
- Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg, 1906) - crocodile squirrel
- Chaenodraco Regan, 1914 .
- Chaenodraco wilsoni Regan, 1914 - Wilson's white squirrel , or four-toed white squirrel
- Champsocephalus Gill, 1862 .
- Champsocephalus esox (Günther, 1861) - pike squirrel or Patagonian squirrel
- Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg, 1905 - icefish , or pike-like whitefish
- Channichthys Richardson, 1844 - rhinoceros in protein [13] .
- Channichthys aelitae Shandikov, 1995 - Aelita beaver
- Channichthys bospori Shandikov, 1995 - Big Eyed Belover
- Channichthys irinae Shandikov, 1995 - dwarf whitefish
- Channichthys mithridatis Shandikov, 2008 - green belokrovka [14]
- Channichthys panticapaei Shandikov, 1995 - Coal Belokrovka [15]
- Channichthys rhinoceratus Richardson, 1844 - rhinoceros belover
- Channichthys richardsoni Shandikov, 2011 - Richardson beaver [8]
- Channichthys rugosus Regan, 1913 - red squirrel
- Channichthys velifer Meissner, 1974 - sailing belokrovka [16]
- Chionobathyscus Andriashev & Neyelov, 1978 .
- Chionobathyscus dewitti Andriashev & Neyelov, 1978 - deep beloveka
- Chionodraco Lönnberg, 1906 .
- Chionodraco hamatus (Lönnberg, 1905) - prickly beloveka
- Chionodraco myersi DeWitt & Tyler, 1960 - Myers beaver
- Chionodraco rastrospinosus DeWitt & Hureau, 1979 - Shponos Belerovka
- Cryodraco Dollo , 1900 .
- Cryodraco antarcticus Dollo , 1900 - long- fronted beverhawk
- Cryodraco atkinsoni Regan, 1914 - Atkinson Beloveka
- Cryodraco pappenheimi Regan, 1913 - Pappenheim belover
- Dacodraco Waite, 1916 .
- Dacodraco hunteri Waite, 1916 - dacodraco
- Neopagetopsis Nybelin, 1947 .
- Neopagetopsis ionah Nybelin, 1947 - whale beaver
- Pagetopsis Regan, 1913 .
- Pagetopsis macropterus (Boulenger, 1907) - big-winged beaver
- Pagetopsis maculatus Barsukov & Permitin, 1958 - Spotted Beloveka
- Pseudochaenichthys Norman, 1937 .
- Pseudochaenichthys georgianus norman, 1937 - south georgian whitefish
Notes
- ↑ Andriyashev, A.P. 1983. The family of the White Blood Fish (Channichthyidae). // Life of animals in 6 volumes. T. 4. Fish. - M .: Education. 2nd ed., Revised, edited by T. S. Russ . S. 429-431.
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V.E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 327. - 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ Parin N.V. (1988). “Fish of the Open Ocean” - Moscow: Nauka, 1988.
- ↑ Fish collection ZIN RAS . (Russian) (Retrieved July 7, 2012)
- ↑ Gaevskaya A.V. (2004). Parasites and diseases of marine and ocean fish. Archived March 19, 2013. - Sevastopol. 2004 - p.1-237.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nelson, DS, Fish of the World Fauna / Trans. 4th pererabot. English ed. N. G. Bogutskaya, scientific. editors A.M. Nasek, A.S. Gerd. - M .: Book House "LIBROCOM", 2009. - S. 880. - ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Iwami T., Kock K.-H. (1990). Channichthyidae, icefishes. In: O. Gon and PC Heemstra (editors). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown: JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology. 381-399 pp.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Shandikov GA (2011). Channichthys richardsoni sp. n., a new Antarctic icefish (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) from the Kerguelen Islands area, Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. // Journal of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: Biology. 14 (971). P. 125-134.
- ↑ Sidell, Bruce D; Kristin M O'Brien. When Bad Things Happen to Good Fish: The Loss of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Expression in Antarctic Icefishes // The Journal of Experimental Biology : journal. - The Company of Biologists , 2006 .-- 15 May ( vol. 209 , no. 10 ). - P. 1791-1802 . - ISSN 1477-9145 0022-0949, 1477-9145 . - DOI : 10.1242 / jeb.02091 .
- ↑ Ruud, Johan T. Vertebrates without Erythrocytes and Blood Pigment // English . - 1954.- May 8 ( vol. 173 , no. 4410 ). - P. 848-850 . - DOI : 10.1038 / 173848a0 .
- ↑ Barber, D. L; J. E Mills Westermann, M. G White. The blood cells of the Antarctic icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus Lönnberg: light and electron microscopic observations (Eng.) // Journal of Fish Biology: journal. - 1981. - 1 July ( vol. 19 , no. 1 ). - P. 11-28 . - ISSN 1095-8649 . - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1095-8649.1981.tb05807.x .
- ↑ Antarctic ice fish. Tips and recipes with photos. (Russian) (Retrieved July 7, 2012)
- ↑ Shandikov G. A. (1995b). On the species composition of albuminous fish of the genus Channichthys (Channichthyidae, Notothenioidei) in the Kerguelen Islands region with a description of three new species. Proceedings of YugNIRO, special. issue No. 1, 1-18 pp.
- ↑ Shandikov GA (2008). Channichthys mithridatis sp. n., a new species of icefishes (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) from the Kerguelen Islands area, East Antarctica, with comments on the taxonomic status of Channichthys normani . // Journal of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: Biology. 7 (814). P. 123-131.
- ↑ Shandikov G. A. (1995a). A new species of whitefish, Channichthys panticapaei sp.n. from Kerguelen island (Antarctica). - Proceedings of YugNIRO, special. issue No. 2, 1-10 s.
- ↑ Shandikov G.A. (1996). On the taxonomic status of the sailing whitefish Channichthys velifer (Pisces: Perciformes: Channichthyidae) from the area of the underwater ridge Kerguelen (East Antarctica). Bulletin of Zoology. No. 3. S. 13-20
Literature
- Nelson Joseph S. Fishes of the World. - 4th edition. - Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2006. - 601 p. - ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Iwami T., Kock K.-H. Channichthyidae, icefishes. / O. Gon and PC Heemstra (editors). - Fishes of the Southern Ocean. - Grahamstown: JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 1990. - p. 381-399.
- Kock, Karl-Hermann. Antarctic icefishes (Channichthyidae): a unique family of fishes. A review, Part I // Polar Biology. - 2005. - Vol. 28, no. 11 - P. 862-895.
Links
- Froese R. and Pauly D. (Editors). Family Channichthyidae (English) . FishBase World Wide Web electronic publication . www.fishbase.org. Date of treatment June 3, 2012. Archived September 24, 2012.
- Froese R. and Pauly D. (Editors). Fish Identification: Find Species. Family: Channichthyidae Crocodile icefishes (English) . FishBase World Wide Web electronic publication . www.fishbase.org. Date of treatment June 3, 2012. Archived September 24, 2012.
- Appeltans, W. et al. (Editors). WoRMS taxon details. Channichthyidae (English) . World Register of Marine Species (2012). Date of treatment June 3, 2012. Archived September 24, 2012.