Television in Brazil began operations on September 18, 1950 with the launch of the Rede Tupi television channel, which has now ceased to exist. Since then, Brazilian television has improved significantly, becoming one of the largest and most productive commercial television systems in the world [1] . The largest network, Globo , is the fourth largest commercial network in the world and one of the largest television exporters worldwide, especially telenovelas , which have become popular in many countries [1] .
The problem of “audiovisual concentration of media ownership is relatively more acute” in Brazil compared to the United States . According to a Donos da Midia study, Globo operates 340 television stations, more than SBT and Record Rede. This is due to the fact that television in the country was started by the private sector without special government regulation. The first national television network, Brasil, was only launched on December 2, 2007, on the same day that digital television was introduced in the country, initially covering the cities of Brasilia , Rio de Janeiro , Salvador , Sao Luis and Sao Paulo [2] [3] [4] .
Content
History
Formation
The first image appeared on Rede Tupi when the five-year-old Sonia Maria Dors was dressed up in a Brazilian traditional costume and said: “Brazilian television is on the air now.”
In the 1950s, Brazilian television was noted as informal, as there were no qualified specialists in the country, with any experience in this field. Another feature of television production in this early period was lively impromptu when there were no video tapes . The high cost of the televisions that were imported limited access to the media, the urban elites of major cities. Technical resources were basic, offering them to announcers, channels were shown live. It was during that period that television news and telenovelas were created [1] .
Around 1960, the advent of videotapes helped import Brazilian television programs. Typical characteristics of countries that developed television systems, thereby dominating the show for a decade, but their presence stimulated some efforts to create local networks. Soon, Rede Tupi faced stiff competition from the Rede Excelsior television network [1] .
Extension
Brazil's television became the media much earlier than most developing countries. The military dictatorship of Brazil , took power in 1964 after seeing audiovisual communications as a tool for creating a strong national identity, a wider consumer economy, governance and political information. The armed forces supplanted television by subsidizing loans for sales, building national radio-relay and satellite distribution systems, which triggered the growth of Rede Tupi [1] [5] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Straubhaar, Joseph. Brazil - The Museum of Broadcasting Communications Archived June 29, 2011 to Wayback Machine .
- ↑ BUCCI, Eugênio. Sobre Ética e Imprensa . São Paulo : Companhia das Letras, 2000.
- ↑ Donos da mídia - As redes de TV Archived on October 8, 2011.
- ↑ Lima, Venício. Quem “controla” a mídia? (port.) // Observatório da Imprensa . - 2010 .-- April 24 ( t. 586 ). - ISSN 15197670 . Archived on April 29, 2010.
- ↑ Shah, Angilee. Network-Builder Describes Role in Brazil's TV Globo Archived on June 5, 2011. . UCLA International Institute.