Spinola ( Spinola ) - one of the greatest families of the Genoese republic , derived from the Vice-Count Ido, who ruled Genoa in the X century as governor of the Obertinges . 11 doges , 13 cardinals and 3 archbishop of Genoa come from this genus.
In the propapian-minded Genoa of the Middle Ages, the nobles and consuls of the Spinola clan acted in the interests of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire . The clan was connected by numerous marital and political unions with the clan Doria . In 1102-21 years. Guido Spinola several times held the post of consul, and his descendant, also Guido, in 1190 led the Genoese ships on the Third Crusade . Niccolo Spinola (d. 1240) commanded the fleet of Frederick Barbarossa .
In 1237, Podesta revealed the conspiracy of Guglielmo Spinola, aimed at seizing power in Genoa. The government decided to expel the Spinola clan from Liguria and destroy their property. Only the intercession of the local archbishop saved Spinol from complete defeat.
In 1270, Oberto Doria and Oberto Spinola nevertheless seized the supreme power in Genoa and ruled the city autonomously for 15 years. Then, at the head of Genoa, their descendants succeeded each other until, in 1339, popular unrest led to the introduction of an elected doge position. Spinola, however, did not accept the loss of power and made several unsuccessful coup attempts.
Famous Representatives
- Doges of the Spinola
- Battista Spinola - 1531-1533
- Luke Spinola - 1551–1553
- Simone Spinola - 1567-1569
- Tommaso Spinola - 1613-1615
- Andrea Spinola - 1629-1631
- Alessandro Spinola - 1654-1656
- Agostino Spinola - 1679—1681
- Luke Spinola II - 1687—1689
- Domenico Maria Spinola - 1732-1734
- Niccolo Spinola - 1740-1742
- Ferdinando Spinola - 1773-1773
Of the later representatives of the genus, Ambrogio Spinola (1569–1630), the Duke of Sesto , one of the last successful Spanish commanders of the Golden Age, is most notable. His descendants remained to serve the Habsburgs in the Spanish Netherlands , and in 1677 they were awarded the princely title . The last representative of this branch of the clan, Maria Anna Spinola (1678-1738), married the Duke of Nevers ; her son was diplomat Louis Jules Mancini .
The blood of the Kandy Spinola flowed in the veins of the famous beauty Simonetta Vespucci , depicted in the painting “The Birth of Venus ”. The coat of arms of the Genoese aristocrats was used by the Portuguese nobles of Spinola, who considered themselves the descendants of the Genoese; Among them came President António di Spinola (1910–1996). Finally, the famous entomologist Massimiliano Spinola (1780-1857) belonged to the Spinol family.
Sources
- Spinola in the British Encyclopedia
- Spinola genus site