Jiaozhouvan

The climate in the Jiaozhouwan Bay area is humid, monsoon . The average annual temperature is + 12.4 ° C. In the summer it is stuffy, it often rains, the average August temperature is + 25.3 ° C; in winter - strong winds, but not very cold, the average January temperature is -0.9 ° C. The most comfortable time is autumn and spring. The average annual rainfall is 720 millimeters, with a maximum in July at 177.1 mm.

Archaeological finds indicate that people settled in the area as early as 6,000 years ago. The area is repeatedly mentioned in various Chinese sources. So, it is from here in 221 BC. e. after the unification of China, the first emperor of Qin , Qin Shihuang , sent ships to Korea and Japan. During the Yuan Empire , Jiaozhouwan Bay became the southern tip of the Jiaozhou-Laizhou Canal , dug through the base of the Shandong Peninsula . Under the Ming Empire, these places were an important naval base called Jiaoao.

In the 1890s, the Qing Empire decided to create a military fortification on this site, protecting the country from attacks from the sea. On June 14, 1891, the city of Qingdao was founded on the south coast of the bay, but its construction was progressing at a rather slow pace.

Taking advantage of China’s political weakness, Germany acquired Jiao-Zhou territory on March 6, 1898, in order to expand its influence in China and to counter the growing power of Japan and other great powers in the region. In addition to the city of Qingdao, the entire water area of ​​Jiaozhouwan Bay and some islands were included in the colony. A 50-kilometer neutral zone was allocated around the Jiao-Zhou border. For 16 years, Germany has transformed Qingdao into a strategically important port. The German Imperial East Asian cruiser squadron , conducting military operations throughout the Pacific Ocean, was based here.

On November 7, 1914, Japan captured Qingdao and Jiaozhouwan Bay. And only at the end of the Washington Conference was forced on February 4, 1922 to sign an agreement on the return of this territory to China.

Currently, the Qingdao metropolitan area with a population of 7.5 million people is located on the shores of Jiaozhouwan Bay.

In 2011, the Qingdao Road Bridge across the bay was opened. A six-lane bridge crosses the northern part of Jiaozhou Bay, connecting Qingdao City with the suburban industrial area of ​​Huangdao. The length of the bridge is about 42.5 kilometers. As of January 2011, Qingdao Bridge is the longest bridge across the body of water.

At the same time, a six-lane Qingdao Automobile Tunnel was opened, crossing the underwater Jiaozhou Tuan Bay to the south, at the narrowest point, at the entrance to the bay. The construction of the tunnel lasted five years. The length of the entire structure is 6.17 km, the tunnel itself has a length of 5.55 km, of which 3.3 km passes under water. The bridge and tunnel were planned as a single transport network connecting the shores of the bay.

• Jiaochzhouvan // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.