Substantiation

Substantiation , or substantivization (from the Latin substantivum - noun), - the transition to the category of nouns of other parts of speech ( adjectives , verbs , participles , numerals ), due to their acquisition of the ability to directly point to the subject ^[1] (what does it mean to answer the question “ who or what?"). Substantiation - a special case of transposition ^[2] , refers to the morphological-syntactic method of the non-morphological method of word formation.

Examples of parts of speech subjected to substantivization:

adjective : "the patient got better"
communion : “the commander gave the order”
ordinal number : "filed for the second "
collective numeral : “ two on a swing”
adverb : "our tomorrow "
onomatopoeic words : "heard dimensional tick-tock ."

Substantiation is an ancient and at the same time developing process. For example, some adjectives have long gone into nouns. These include nouns with suffixes (s) and (in), indicating surnames and names of settlements: Ivanov , Petrov , Nikitin , Fomin , Maryino , Mitino , etc. Examples of the phenomenon from later times are the use of such words as nouns such as dressing room , bathroom .

Content

1 Types of substantivization
2 Nomination
3 See also
4 notes
5 Literature

Types of Substantiation

Substantiation is complete and partial.

Full substantiation is said when the adjective is completely transformed into a noun, as an adjective it can no longer be used ( tailor , bridge , maid , dowry ).

In partial (incomplete ^[1] ) substantiation, the word is used either as an adjective or as a noun ( military doctor and military , childless families and childless , Russian people and Russian ).

We can also single out occasional substantiation, in which the transition occurs only in context. An example is the name of the story of A.P. Chekhov - " Thick and thin ."

Nomination

Direct nominalization - words or lexical units that correspond to verbs ( running , refusal , walking , drinking ).

Indirect nominalization - non-verbal words that only in a certain context reflect the process ( after the hospital - means: was ill).

Subject nominalization is a situation in which nominalization is subject (“the shooting took place on such and such a date”).

Object nominalization - nominalization stands in the object, in the position of addition or circumstance ("because of despair it is impossible to look at everything soberly.")

Notes

↑ ¹ ² Classes.ru / Rosenthal D.E. "Dictionary of linguistic terms" - substantiation (neopr.) . Date of treatment March 29, 2013. Archived April 4, 2013.
↑ Transposition (unopened) . Date of treatment March 29, 2013.

Literature

Substantiation // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 31. - M. , 2016 .-- S. 363.

[rosental-1] ¹ ² Classes.ru / Rosenthal D.E. "Dictionary of linguistic terms" - substantiation (neopr.) . Date of treatment March 29, 2013. Archived April 4, 2013.

[2] Transposition (unopened) . Date of treatment March 29, 2013.