Lviv-Warsaw School ( Polish. Szkoła lwowsko-warszawska ) is the Polish direction in logical positivism , at the origins of which stood Kazimir Twardowski - a student of Franz Brentano .
Content
History
Originally formed in Lviv , when he was still Austrian . After Poland gained independence in 1918, the center of the school moved to Warsaw. The birthday of the school is considered to be October 15, 1895, when Twardowski received the Department of Philosophy at Lviv University (on this day he delivered the first introductory lecture on philosophy). In the 1930s, the Lviv-Warsaw school developed under the strong influence of the Vienna Circle of Neopositivism . With the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of Poland by German troops ( 1939 ), the school as a whole ceases to exist.
Teaching
The main ideas of the school were the premise that philosophy is a science , and the meaning and meaning of the term are determined by the way it is used and have a conventional nature . Truth in the school was considered only such a judgment which affirmed the existence of an object if it really existed, and denied if it did not exist [1] . One of the features of the school was reism - the belief that only things exist [2] . Reism arose as a result of Kotarbinsky's doubts about the existence of properties. In ethics, Kotarbinsky distinguished moral deontology (how to live in such a way as to be called a decent person), the theory of effective action ( praxeology ) and the doctrine of happiness (felicitology). The empirical basis of ethics is moral evidence.
Representatives
- Kazimierz Aydukevich
- Tadeusz Kotarbinsky
- Stanislav Lesnevsky
- Yan Lukasevich
- Alfred Tarski
- Stanislav Yaskovsky
Notes
Literature
- Alfimova J.P. Historical outline of the dispute about universals in the Lviv-Warsaw school // " Questions of Philosophy ". 2012.
- Vasyukov V. L. , Porus V. N. Lviv-Warsaw School // New Philosophical Encyclopedia / Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences ; Nat social science fund; Pres scientific ed. Council V. S. Styopin , alternate representatives: A. A. Huseynov , G. Yu. Semigin , school. sec. A.P. Ogurtsov . - 2nd ed., Rev. and extra. - M .: Thought , 2010 .-- ISBN 978-5-244-01115-9 .
- Lviv-Warsaw school / Vasyukov V. L. , Porus V. N. // Lomonosov - Manizer. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2011. - P. 195—196. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 18). - ISBN 978-5-85270-351-4 .
- Dombrowski B.T. Lviv-Warsaw School of Philosophy (1895−1939) - Lviv: IPPMM , 1989 .-- 68 p. (Prep. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Inst. Prikl. Probl. Mechanics and mathematics; N 30-89).
- Lviv-Warsaw School // Philosophical Dictionary / Ed. I.T. Frolova . - 4th ed. - M .: Politizdat , 1981. - 445 p.
- Lukasevich Ya. Aristotelian syllogistics from the point of view of modern formal logic. - M .: Publishing house of foreign literature , 1959.
- Tarski A. Introduction to the logic and methodology of the deductive sciences. - M .: GIIL , 1948;
- Tvardovsky K. Logico-philosophical and psychological research. - M. , 1997;
- Twardowski K. Lviv-Warsaw School of Philosophy
- Studies of the analytical heritage of the Lviv-Warsaw school. Vol. 1 / ed. V. L. Vasyukova - St. Petersburg. : Publishing House "Mir", 2006. - ISBN 5-98846-022-4 .
- Philosophy and logic of the Lviv-Warsaw school. - M. , 1999;
- Woleński J. Filozoficzna szkola lwowsko-warszawska. - Warszawa, 1985.