A pest is an animal that causes damage to human health or its economy, understanding the latter in the broadest sense [1] . The pest reduces yield and product quality, thereby causing enormous economic damage. More than 60 thousand species of animal pests are known, mainly insects , ticks , slugs , birds and mammals . The largest number of "harmful" species is found among insects - about 10%. A large number of animal species feed on certain cultivated plants. They are combined in the following groups:
Content
- 1 Classification by type of damage
- 1.1 Predatory animals
- 1.2 Pests of crops and forests
- 1.3 Barn and house pests
- 1.4 Parasites
- 2 Taxonomic classification
- 2.1 Vertebrates
- 2.2 Insects
- 2.3 Arachnids
- 2.4 gastropod
- 2.5 Nematodes
- 2.6 Flatworms
- 3 Pest control
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Damage Classification
Predatory animals
Animals that may be prey to humans [1] or pets.
Pests of crops and forests
- Pests of garden plants ( garden whites , Delia , beet root aphid , beet weevil , cabbage scoop , Colorado potato beetle , etc.);
- Pests of orchards (various weevils , ringed silkworms , unpaired silkworms , codling moths , moths , phylloxera , aphids , earthworms );
- Forest pests damage forest trees and shrubs ( leaf beetles , barbel , bark beetles , silkworms ).
Barn and house pests
Barn pests live in food depots and feed on cereal grains, their processed products, dried fruits, mushrooms and other products. They can also damage medicinal, leather, tobacco raw materials, etc. ( bread moth , winter scoop , meadow moth , bug bugs , wheat thrips , barn moth , grain moth , barn weevil , clothes moth , cockroaches , mice , voles , ground squirrels , rats , etc.).
Parasites
Animals that live off another organism, eating either the tissues of its body or the food it digests [1] . Lice and fleas are carriers of dangerous diseases of humans and animals ( typhus , plague ). Blood-sucking insects ( mosquitoes , mosquitoes , blood-sucking flies ) also carry the infection while sucking blood. Cockroaches can also be carriers of diseases.
Taxonomic classification
Vertebrates
- Predatory mammals that can threaten the life and health of humans and animals.
- Wild boars .
- Mice , gophers , groundhogs and other small rodents .
- Some birds .
- Crocodiles , poisonous snakes .
- Poisonous bone fish .
- Sharks [1] .
Insects
- Ants , cockroaches , flies and wasps are pests of stocks.
- Aphids , beetles , locusts and butterflies damage crops.
- Termites , bark beetles and forest ants damage wood.
- Silkworms , leafworms destroy the leaves of trees.
- Poisonous insects.
Arachnids
- Spiders
- Scorpions
- ticks
Gastropods
- Some slugs and snails are pests in agriculture and gardens.
Nematodes
- Roundworm
- Golden Potato Nematode
Flatworms
- Tapeworms
Pest Control
To control pests, a comprehensive system of preventive measures has been developed, including agricultural and forestry, mechanical, physical, chemical, biological.
See also
- Harmful organism
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Pests // Big Medical Encyclopedia
Literature
- Natalie V.F. Invertebrate Zoology. // Textbook for biol students. Fak. ped in-com. / Ed. prof. O. N. Sazonova .. - 3rd, rev. and additional .. - M .: "Enlightenment", 1975. - S. 428. - 487 p. - 40,000 copies.
- Pests of agricultural plants // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 tons] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Pests of grain and grain products // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.