Colonial Africa Section

Despite the fact that such an activity took place before (on the colonization of the African continent, see the colonization of Africa for more details), the most intense competition unfolded during the period of new imperialism , especially after the adoption of the General Act of the Berlin Conference in 1885.

The culmination of the "fight for Africa" ​​is the incident in Fashod , which put Britain and France in 1898 to the brink of war. By 1902, the European powers controlled 90% of Africa’s territory. In sub-Saharan Africa , only Liberia (patronized by the United States ) and Ethiopia , which defended their independence from the Italians, retained independence.

By the end of the 19th century, a young Italian state joined the division of Africa, seeing in the “black continent” a source of resources. He was especially attracted to the African possessions of the weakening Ottoman Empire and the territory of the Horn of Africa , where the weak Muslim sultanates were located (see Italian Somalia and Italian Libya ).

The colonial division of Africa ended in the year when World War I began , when Great Britain officially annexed Egypt . Two years before that, Morocco was divided according to the Fez Treaty , and Italy, as a result of the Italian-Turkish war, gained control over Libya .

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  Africa in 1800

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  Africa in 1870

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  Africa in 1900

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  Africa in 1914

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  Africa in 1923

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  Africa in 1956 . The beginning of the liberation of the republics

Belgium

Congo Free State (since 1908, the Belgian Congo , now the Democratic Republic of the Congo )

France

Algeria

Tunisia

Morocco

French West Africa

Mauritania

Senegal

French Sudan (now Mali )

Guinea

Ivory Coast

Niger

Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso )

Dahomey (now Benin )

French Equatorial Africa

Gabon

Congo Middle (now Republic of Congo )

Ubangi-Shari (now Central African Republic )

Chad

French Somalia (now Djibouti )

Madagascar

Comoros

Germany (before 1919)

German East Africa

Rwanda-Urundi (from 1919 the mandate of Belgium , now Burundi and Rwanda )

Tanganyika (since 1919 the mandate of Great Britain , now part of Tanzania )

German South-West Africa (from 1919 the mandate of the Union of South Africa , now Namibia )

German West Africa

German Cameroon (from 1919 the mandate of France , now Cameroon )

Togoland (since 1919 section between France and Great Britain , now Togo )

Italy

Italian North Africa (from 1934 Libya )

Tripolitania

Cyrenaica

Fezzan

Eritrea

Italian Somalia (now formally part of Somalia )

Portugal

Angola

Portuguese Congo ( Cabinda ) - now an exclave of Angola

Portuguese East Africa (now Mozambique )

Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau )

Cape Verde (now Cape Verde )

Sao Tome and Principe

Spain

Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara - part of Morocco contrary to UN decisions)

Rio de oro

Segiet el Hamra

Spanish morocco

Spanish Southern Morocco ( Tarfaya Sector )

Ifni

Rio Muni (now the continental part of Equatorial Guinea )

Fernando Po (now Bioko , island part of Equatorial Guinea )

UK

Egypt

English-Egyptian Sudan

British East Africa

Kenya

Uganda

Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania )

British Somalia (now formally part of Somalia )

Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe )

Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia )

Nyasaland (now Malawi )

British South Africa

Cape Colony (now part of South Africa )

Colony Natal (now part of South Africa)

Orange Free State (now part of South Africa)

Colonia Transvaal (now part of South Africa)

Bechuanaland (now Botswana )

Basutoland (now Lesotho )

Swaziland

Gambia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Mauritius

Nigeria

Gold Coast (now Ghana )

Independent States

Liberia

Abyssinia ( Ethiopia )

International Zone (1923–1956)

Tangier , under the joint management of Great Britain, France, Germany and (from 1928) Italy (now part of Morocco).

• Berlin Conference (1884)
• Fashod crisis
• Boer Wars
• Congo Free State
• Rise of the Mahdists
• First Italian-Ethiopian War
• Genocide of the Herero and Nama tribes
• Cecile Rhodes

• Yakovleva E.V. The Colonial Section of Africa and the Position of Russia: The Second Half of the XIXth Century - 1914 : thesis ... Candidate of Historical Sciences: 07.00.03. - Irkutsk, 2004. - 317 p.

• Gusterin P. Colonial contradictions before the First World War
• Gusterin P. French-British contradictions before the creation of the Entente

• Big game
• Railroad Cape Town - Cairo
• Pink card
• List of countries liberated in the Year of Africa