Extraordinary professor (from Latin extra - outside + ordo - row , order and professor - teacher , German Außerordentlicher Professor ) - a position in the higher education system of Germany and a number of other European countries, whose educational system was arranged according to the German model (including and pre-revolutionary Russia ). It meant a professor without a post, as a rule, in an adjacent field or a subordinate of a professor holding a post (head of a department, department, etc.).
An extraordinary professor did not manage the department and was not a member of the academic council of the faculty [1] .
Often, successful novice researchers first gained the position of extraordinary professor, in order to subsequently obtain the position of full professor at another university.
In Prussia, before the First World War, the average salary of an ordinary professor was two times higher than that of an extraordinary, and nine times higher than that of a professor who began his career [2] .
In Russia
A teaching position awarded in the 18th century to young scientists who recently achieved a doctorate . Unlike ordinary professors, extraordinary ones received less salary and, as a rule, were not considered to occupy the department . The first extraordinary professor at Moscow University in 1761 was appointed I. G. Reichel [3] .
Notes
- ↑ Alexander Pechenkin Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam: research, teaching and the rest of life , p. thirty
- ↑ Walter Rüegg. A History of the University in Europe . - Cambridge University Press , 2011 .-- P. 185.
- ↑ Professor Extraordinary // Imperial Moscow University: 1755-1917: Encyclopedic Dictionary - M.: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2010. 894 pp., Ill. ISBN 978-5-8243-1429-8