Greasy-tailed jerboa [1] , or greasy-tailed dwarfish jerboa [2] , three-toed dwarfish jerboa [3] , three- toed dwarfish jerboa [3] ( Latin Salpingotus crassicauda ) is a species from the genus of three-toed dwarfish jerboas of the jerboa family.
| Greasy tail jerboa |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Squadron : | Euarchontoglires |
| Gender: | Three-Toed Dwarf Jerboa |
|
| International scientific name |
|---|
Salpingotus crassicauda Vinogradov , 1924 |
| Synonyms |
|---|
- Salpingotus gobicus ( Sokolov & Shenbrot , 1988 )
|
| Security status |
|---|
Not enough data IUCN Data Deficient : 19863 |
|
Content
It lives in sandy deserts and semi-deserts of the northern half of Central Asia and the extreme east of Kazakhstan . On the territory of Kazakhstan, it is found only in the Zaysan depression (northwestern outskirts of the species range).
In Central Asia, the range covers Western and Southern Mongolia and Northwest and Northern China [4] . In Mongolia, it inhabits the Hollow of the Big Lakes , Dzungarian Gobi, Shargin-Gobi, the valley of the Gobi lakes, the intermountain valleys of the Gobi Altai, the Zaaltai Gobi and the East Gobi. In China, found in Dzungaria (in the north and east), in Inner Mongolia and in the province of Gansu [5] .
Based on the area, two subspecies of fat-tailed jerboa are distinguished:
- Dzungarian fat-tailed dwarfish jerboa ( Salpingotus crassicauda crassicauda );
- Gobian fat-tailed dwarf jerboa ( Salpingotus crassicauda gobicus ) [5] .
The animal is of medium size within a kind. In size and proportions, the body is similar to a pale jerboa (at the same time it has slightly smaller sizes) and a Geptner jerboa (it has a smaller head relative to this species) [2] . The average body length is 53.4 mm, the tail is 101.1 mm. The average body weight is 9.2 g [4] . Sexual dimorphism is expressed only in the size of the tail tail brush: in males it is 2 times larger than in females [4] . Feet are long, about 21.7 mm [4] .
The top of the head and back are covered with light ocher-gray fur, darkened by longitudinal streaky. The hair of the head and fur is three-colored: the base is grayish-white (about 75% of the length), gradually turning into ash or dark gray, then the pale or bright ocher belt (15-20% of the length), the top is dark gray colors. The rings around the nose, lips, throat, chest, belly, the outer and inner surfaces of the front and hind limbs, and the brush on the mortar are pure white. There are white rings around the eyes and ears. The tail is covered with short, thick hair. The tail is white below, and a pale grayish-buffy top. At the end of the tail there is a light gray brush [6] .
The diploid number of chromosomes is 46, the number of shoulders of autosomes is 86 [4] .
Activity is strictly nightly . The oily-tailed jerboa burrow is a single passage with cameras and dead ends located along it [7] . During the collection of food, animals move in short jumps about 2 cm long. When running fast, the length of the jumps reaches 18-25 cm [8] .
In the first and third decades of September, fat-tailed jerboas inhabiting the Zaysan depression hibernate. Awaken at the end of April. Before hibernation, an increase in animal weight up to 12–13 g is recorded [9] .
The basis of the diet is seeds and insects (spiders, grasshoppers, butterflies, small beetles). In spring and early summer, invertebrates predominate in the diet, and in the second half of summer, seeds. Daily captive feed intake is 3-4 g, or 30-50% of body weight [7] .
In the Zaysan Valley, reproduction begins at the end of the first decade of May. However, these periods, depending on the weather, can vary from the end of April to the third decade of May. The spring year lasts two weeks. After the birth of the first broods, the second breeding cycle begins. The duration of pregnancy is not precisely established, presumably lasting from 19 to 25 days. In the brood from 1 to 6 cubs. The period from birth to exit from the norm lasts 24-25 days. Puberty occurs at 9-11 months of life after the first wintering. The maximum life expectancy in nature is no more than three years [10] .
- ↑ Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia. "Mammals" Prince. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / Ed. D. MacDonald . - M .: Omega, 2007 .-- S. 444. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 Schönbrot et al, 1995 , p. 174.
- ↑ 1 2 Sokolov V.E. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Mammals Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M .: Rus. lang., 1984. - S. 194. - 10,000 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Schoenbrot et al, 1995 , p. 177.
- ↑ 1 2 Schönbrot et al, 1995 , p. 179.
- ↑ Schoenbrot et al, 1995 , p. 174-175.
- ↑ 1 2 Schönbrot et al, 1995 , p. 181.
- ↑ Schoenbrot et al, 1995 , p. 182-183.
- ↑ Schoenbrot et al, 1995 , p. 184.
- ↑ Schoenbrot et al, 1995 , p. 184-185.
- Shenbrot G.I., Sokolov V.E., Geptner V.G., Kovalskaya Yu.M. Jerboa-like. - M .: Nauka, 1995 .-- S. 174-187. - 576 p. - (Series "Mammals of Russia and adjacent regions"). - ISBN 5-02-004764-3 .
