Fyodor Ilyich Dan (real surname Gurvich ) ( October 7 [19], 1871 , Petersburg - January 22, 1947 , New York ) is a Russian revolutionary and political figure, one of the leaders and theorists of Menshevism . Son-in-law of Yu.O. Martov (husband of his sister Lydia Dan ).
| Fedor Ilyich Dan | |
|---|---|
 Dan in the form of a military doctor. | |
| Date of Birth | October 7 (19), 1871 |
| Place of Birth | Saint Petersburg , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | January 22, 1947 (75 years old) |
| Place of death | New York , USA |
| Citizenship |  Russian Empire ,  USA |
| Occupation | politics, journalism, doctor |
| Education | Faculty of Medicine, University of Dorpat |
| The consignment | RSDLP , Mensheviks |
| Main ideas | democratic socialism |
Content
Biography
F.I. Dan was born in St. Petersburg in the family of the pharmacy owner Ilya Gurvich and Ida Moiseevna Rosenthal. In 1895 he graduated from the medical faculty of St. George's (Derpt) University . By profession a doctor.
In the social democratic movement since 1894 . He was a member of the St. Petersburg Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class . One of the organizers of the textile workers' strike ("industrial war"). In 1896, he was arrested and sent to the Vyatka province for 5 years.
In the summer of 1901 he emigrated; in Berlin he entered the Iskra assistance group. He participated in the preparation of the II Congress of the RSDLP . In 1902 he was arrested, deported to Eastern Siberia for six years, in 1903 he fled and again disappeared abroad. When the RSDLP was divided in 1903, it joined the Mensheviks and became one of the leaders of the Menshevik party [1] . Member of the IV (1906) and V (1907) congresses of the RSDLP.
Since 1913 he legally worked in Russia. Editor of the newspaper Voice of the Social Democrat, member of the Menshevik OK and Central Committee. In 1915 he was arrested and exiled to Siberia , where he was mobilized as a military doctor.
After the February Revolution of 1917 , he was the ideologist of "revolutionary defense". One of the most active figures, a member of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Council and the Presidium of the CEC of the 1st convocation.
After the October Revolution, he worked as a doctor in the system of the People's Health , at the VII (December 1919 ) and VIII (December 1920 ) All-Russian Congresses of Soviets, spoke on behalf of the Mensheviks. The Cheka was arrested. In 1922 he was expelled abroad as an enemy of Soviet power.
In 1923 he took part in the creation of the Socialist Workers International. In the same year, deprived of Soviet citizenship. After the death of Yu. O. Martov in 1923 and until 1940, he headed the Overseas delegation of the RSDLP (m).
He spent the last years of his life in the USA . In 1941 - 1947 he published the New Way magazine in the USA, the organ of the Menshevik emigres.
Works
- Dan F.I. Two years of wandering (1919-1921) / F.I. Dan. - Berlin, 1922 .-- 268 p.
- Dan F.I. The Origin of Bolshevism: Towards the History of Democratic and Socialist Ideas in Russia after the Liberation of the Peasants / F. I. Dan. - New York: New Democracy, 1946 .-- 491 p.
- Fedor Ilyich Dan. Letters (1899-1946) / Selected, provided with notes and an essay on the political biography of Dan B. Sapir. - Amsterdam, 1985.
- Fedor I. Dan und Otto Bauer. Briefwechsel (1934-1938). - Frankfurt; New York, 1999.
Notes
Literature
- F. I. Dan: Biobibliography / Comp. V.V. Krylov // Soviet bibliography. - 1991. - No. 2. - P.74 - 85.
- Peter H. Exil in Deutschland. Theodor Dan und die russische Socialdemokratie 1922-1933 // Astetik & Kommunikation. - Berlin, 1993. - Heft 83. - S.98 - 101.
- Peter G. The search for self-consciousness of an emigrant Menshevik. Based on the correspondence of Fyodor Ilyich Dan - Otto Bauer 1934-1937. / G.Peter // Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian emigration in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars. Results and prospects of the research. Funds of the Slavic Library and the Prague Archives. - Part 2. - Prague, 1995 .-- P.631 - 636.