Vinokur, Grigory Osipovich

Grigory Iosifovich (later Osipovich) Vinokur was born into a Jewish merchant family ^{[3] [4]} . He received his primary education in Warsaw, learned to read in Russian and in Polish. In 1904 the family moved to Moscow, where in 1906 he went to the preparatory class of K.K. Masing's private real school, but he outweighed the interest in the humanities, and in 1909 Vinokur transferred to the classical gymnasium of P.N. Strakhov. He learned Greek, German and French and Latin; later independently learned English, knew Slavic languages.

In 1915 he graduated from high school, but was rejected from admission to Moscow University because of the percentage rate for Jews . For a year he studied at the chemical department of the Riga Polytechnic Institute evacuated to Moscow. In 1916 he entered Moscow University at the Slavic-Russian branch of the Faculty of History and Philology . In 1917 he was transferred to the newly opened branch of comparative linguistics; student D.N. Ushakova . Since 1918, he began working in parallel with the People's Commissariat for Education (even as a student, after the sudden death of his father, he was forced to do tutoring in ancient languages).

He was close to the Centrifuge group and the near-futuristic publishing house S. M. Vermel , in one of whose collections his first publication on the poem “ Cloud in Pants ” by V. Mayakovsky was published, was published in Lef’s magazines. From student time he participated in the work of the Moscow Dialectological Commission . In 1920, he interrupted his studies, worked as a translator of the Press Bureau of Soviet Embassies in Estonia and Latvia. In 1922 he returned to Moscow and graduated from the university.

He worked as a translator-editor at TASS . One of the founders of the Moscow Linguistic Circle , in 1922-1923 - its chairman. In 1923-1924 he was a member of the LEF , but broke up with the group. Fell under the influence of Shpet's ideas, published his first books at the State Academy of Arts . Since 1934 - a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR .

In the 1930s he taught at the Moscow City Pedagogical Institute , MIFLI , since 1942, professor at Moscow State University , head of the Russian language department of the philological faculty . He taught a number of linguistic disciplines, developed a special course - “Introduction to the study of philological sciences”, which he read in the 1940s, but did not manage to release a book (Part I was published in 1981). He was popular as a teacher; Like his teacher, D. N. Ushakov believed that a well-educated student is more important than a monograph. In the 1990s, Vinokur's students reprinted almost all of his significant works ^[5] .

In parallel with teaching, he worked at academic institutes: in 1935-1937 he was a senior researcher at IRLI , in 1938-1940 at IMLI , in 1941-1943 at the Institute of Language and Writing, and from 1944 at the Institute of Russian Language . In 1943 he defended his doctoral dissertation.

He was buried at Vvedensky cemetery .

Vinokur's daughter, Tatyana Grigoryevna (1924-1992), also became a famous philologist and linguist, a specialist in the style of the Russian language.

The focus of G. O. Vinokur's scientific interests was the stylistics of the Russian language and especially poetic stylistics; He was engaged in the work of Pushkin (a member of the Pushkin Commission since 1933), Khlebnikov and others. He participated in the compilation of an explanatory dictionary of the Russian language edited by D. N. Ushakov; initiator of the creation of the “ Pushkin Language Dictionary ”.

Among the linguistic works is an essay on the history of the Russian language and several articles on general linguistic issues, in which, in particular, he advocated the need for a historical approach to language ("On the Problems of the History of Language", 1941). His work on word formation is best known (Notes on Russian Word Formation, 1946) and the controversy caused by it with A. I. Smirnitsky regarding the analysis of words with unique foundations, which Vinokur, unlike Smirnitsky, proposed to consider non-derivative (so-called. "Debate about boiled pork").

• Criticism of the poetic text. M., 1927, 134 p., 3,000 copies.
• Language culture. M., "Federation", 1929. - 336 p. (Reprint: M .: Labyrinth, 2006.254 s.)
• Russian language: historical essay. M., 1945.
• Selected works in the Russian language. M., 1959.
• Philological studies. M., 1990.
• About the language of fiction. M., 1991.
• Biography and culture. M., 1997.
• Collection of works. M., 2000.

• Levin V.D. Grigory Osipovich Vinokur (1896-1847) // Russian Speech . 1967. No. 3;
• Tseytlin R. M. Grigory Osipovich Vinokur. M., 1965;
• Plotnikova V.A. Grigory Osipovich Vinokur (1896-1947) // Russian Speech. 1981. No. 3;
• Language. The culture. Humanitarian knowledge. The scientific heritage of G. O. Vinokur and modernity / ed. ed. S.I. Gindin , N.N. Rozanova. M .: Scientific World, 1999. contents
• Alpatov V.M. Moscow Linguistic / Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the Study and Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage. - M .: Publishing House of the Institute of Foreign Languages, 2001. - P. 59-63. - 104 p. - ( Natural and cultural heritage of Moscow ). - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-88966-028-4 .
• Luzina L.G. G. O. Vinokur // Domestic linguists of the 20th century. / holes ed. F.M. Berezin . Part 1. M., 2002.

• BDT article
• Works of G. O. Vinokur in the network
• Vinokur G.O. Khlebnikov. Preparation of the text and introductory article by M. I. Shapir // World of Velimir Khlebnikov. Articles and studies 1911-1998. "Languages ​​of Russian Culture": M., 2000. S. 195-210, 793-803.
• G. O. Vinokur - teacher