280 mm mortar of the Schneider system, model 1914/15 ( French Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider ) - a tool of special power, used in the First and Second World Wars. Used by the French and Russian armies in the First World War. Then it was also used by the Polish army, the Red Army , and subsequently captured by the Germans during the Polish and French campaigns the guns were used in the Wehrmacht under the designation 28 cm Mrs. 601 (f) , [1] in particular, near Leningrad .
| Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider | |
|---|---|
 in the Wehrmacht | |
| Type of | siege mortira |
| A country |  |
| Service History | |
| Years of operation | 1914–45 |
| Adopted | |
| In service |     |
| Wars and conflicts | World War I , Soviet-Polish War , World War II |
| Production history | |
| Constructor | Schneider et cie |
| Manufacturer | Schneider et cie |
| Specifications | |
| Weight kg | 16,000 kg |
| Barrel length mm | 3353 mm (12 calibres, L / 12) |
| Crew (calculation), people | 12 |
| Projectile weight, kg | 205 kg |
| Caliber mm | 279.4 mm |
| Gate | piston lock |
| Recoil device | hydropneumatic |
| Carriage | wheeled |
| Elevation angle | + 10 ° - + 60 ° |
| Angle of rotation | 20 ° |
| Rate of fire rounds / min | 1 shot in 5 minutes |
| starting speed projectile, m / s | 418 m / s |
| Maximum range, m | 10950 m |
Content
In the Russian army
In the Russian army, it was initially adopted under the name " 11-inch siege mortar mod. 1912 ". However, this name did not take root. During the war, the mortars were called by two options: arr. 1914 and arr. 1915. After the experiments on the island of Berezan, the mortar Schneider was chosen for armament (although the 280-mm mortar Krupp and Erkhart had higher indicators of accuracy, portability and survivability).
In 1913, the War Department signed a contract with the Schneider firm for the manufacture of 16 mortars with the presentation of the first by April 1, 1915, and then two mortars each month. The war delayed the delivery of these systems, in addition, the French government ordered the Schneider plant to produce the same mortars for the French army, so it was set up to turn them in four mortars to the Russians and the French. As a result, 26 mortars got into the TAON .
In the Red Army
By the end of 1921, 10,280-mm Schneider mortars were in the TAON and the Red Army, and by January 1, 1933 they were already 20 (due to the restoration of the mortar that had become unusable). On November 1, 1936, there were 21 mortars in the Red Army, five of which required major repairs.
During the Soviet-Finnish war, the 315th separate artillery division of special power was part of the North-Western Front, armed with six 280-mm Schneider mortars. All of them underwent repairs at the Bolshevik factory in 1927-1928. When moving to the front on poor roads, two-thirds of the wagons are out of order. In addition, the 34th and 316th OAD BMs participated in the hostilities, each of which included six 280-mm Schneider mortars. In just one day, December 18, 1939, the 316th OAD BM fired 60 shots at the mortar. At the initial stage of the war, combined arms commanders did not understand the significance of the 280-mm mortar and gave commands for a quick fire from them or for conducting nightly harassing fire on roads. By June 1941, the Red Army was armed with 25 guns of this system [2] .
Images
The gun in a stowed position in the Warsaw Museum
Self-propelled version on the chassis of Saint-Chamonix in the Dresden Museum
See also
- 305 mm Vickers howitzer
- 305 mm howitzer model 1915
Notes
Literature
- Tikhomirov N. Artillery of high power. Reference information. M .: Gviz, 1935. 128 S.
- "HEAVY SIEGE ARTILLERY IN THE EUROPEAN WAR." in "THE FIELD ARTILLERY JOURNAL". VOLUME IV NUMBER 3. JULY-SEPTEMBER 1914. THE UNITED STATES FIELD ARTILLERY ASSOCIATION WASHINGTON, DC
- Gander, Terry; Chamberlain, Peter (1979). Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15090-3 .
- http://landships.info/landships/artillery_articles/280mm_Schneider_M14.html