Giustiniani ( Giustiniani ) - an extensive clan of patricians ( ), who gave the seven Doges of Genoa , one - Venice and for 200 years of Francoocracy ruled the island of Chios in the Aegean Sea .
Content
Venetian Patricians
Genus Justinian belonged to the four “evangelical families” of the Venetian Republic , who founded the monastery of San Giorgio Maggiore opposite St. Mark's Square . The Justinians tried to build their clan to the emperor Justin II , whose descendants allegedly fled from Constantinople to the Istrian peninsula, from where they later moved to Venice. According to legend, two branches of the family, the Venetian and Genoese, descend from the brothers Angelo and Marco, who lived about 720 years [1] .
The first patriarch of Venice was Lorenzo Giustiniani (1381-1456), who later became a saint. Marcantonio Giustiniani in 1683-1688 held the position of a doge.
Commercial Corporation
Giustiniani occupied a prominent position in the Latin Empire , but after the loss of Constantinople, the Latin patriarch Pantaleone Giustiniani was forced to flee to Venice. In 1346, Giustiniani conquered Fokey and Chios, for the colonization of which a corporation was created from 12 Genoese nobles. All of them changed their surnames to “Justiniani”, although they were not relatives [2] [3] .
One of the members of the corporation was seconded to Brugge in the north of Europe, where he allegedly ordered van Eyck, the so-called. The Dresden triptych , which is also called the Giustiniani triptych (their coat of arms was preserved in the corner of the sash) [3] . From the Giustiniani of the Longo clan, Giovanni Giustiniani immortalized himself with his valor during the defense of Constantinople from the Turks.
In 1566, the Turks squeezed the last Italians from the island. At the same time, Pompeo Giustiniani , nicknamed the Iron Hand (1569-1616), entered the Habsburg service and subsequently successfully defended Crete from the Turkish fleet.
The Genoese branch of the family produced seven doges:
- Giannandrea Giustiniani (1539-1541)
- Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia (1569-1571)
- Giovanni Agostino Campi Giustiniani (1591-1593)
- Alessandro Longo Giustiniani (1611-1613)
- Luca Giustiniani (1644-1646)
- Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani (1713-1715)
- Brisio Giustiniani (1775-1777)
In the years 1784-85. Domenico Tiepolo creates in the Palace of the Genoese Doges a grandiose ceiling “Apotheosis of the Justiniani family” [4] . The palace was also decorated with other frescoes, praising the glorious pages of the history of the family.
Giustiniani in Rome
The sons of the last ruler of Chios moved to Rome, acquired the princely title from the pope and joined the ranks of the " black nobility ". Of these, Benedetto Giustiniani wore a cardinal hat, and Vincenzo Giustiniani put together a wonderful collection of antiques and paintings by leading artists of his time, especially Caravaggio . Orazio Giustiniani (1599–1649) enjoyed the special protection of Innocent X due to his kinship with popess Olympia Maidalkini .
In 1712, one of the branches of the clan inherited the wealth of Recanati-Zucconi , and the other in the XIX century - the Scottish title of Earl of Newburg . When selling the artistic treasures of Giustiniani in 1808, the Russian tsar acquired Caravaggio's Lutenist . In the years 1845-1901. the Roman palazzo Giustiniani was rented by the Russian Orthodox Church .
Notes
- ↑ Hopf, 1888 , p. 2.
- ↑ Kirk, Thomas Allison. Genoa and the Sea: policy and power in an early modern maritime republic, 1559-1684. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. P. 25.
- ↑ 1 2 Jan van Eyck's Dresden Triptych: new evidence for the Giustiniani of Genoa in the Borromei ledger for Bruges, 1438
- ↑ The Metropolitan Museum of Art - The Glorification of the Giustiniani Family
Literature
- Hopf C. Les Giustiniani, dynastes de Chios: étude historique . - Paris, 1888. - 174 p.
Links
- Giustiniani, patrician surname // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Site of the Giustiniani clan