Mike Biy

Mike-biy is at the origins of the tribal genealogies of the Bashkir Tabyn and Irektin people . The Tabyn Kazakhs and all the Kazakhs of the Elder Zhuz lead the family tree to Mike-biy. Elder Zhuz for the most part consider themselves descendants of the Uysuns, the genealogy of Kazakhs of Elder Zhuz, recreated according to the legends of C. Valikhanov , looks, if we discard the side lines, like this: Tobey-> Uysun- "Mikey. In the genealogies published by T. A. Zhdanko, Uzbeks and Karakalpaks are represented by kindred peoples, since they have a common ancestor - Mike-biy. In the legend recorded in the Kungrat region of Karakalpakstan , a genealogical scheme is given in which Mikay-biy is shown as a common ancestor of four peoples: Uzbeks, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs and Nogais . uzbek s, Karakalpak and Nogai tribal groups with the ethnonym Tabyn not. Maiky-biy of these peoples is considered to be the ancestor of most of those formations which have names uyshin, ushin, uyshun, Uysun, Usun. Tribe uyshun was part of the nomadic Uzbeks ^[1] and then the Zeravshan Uzbeks. ^[2] The Uyshun-Mitan clan was also recorded as a part of the Karakalpaks. The Sary-Uysun clan-tribal formations, the Uson are part of the Kirghiz . The Sary-Usun tribe is one of the largest formations of the Kazakhs of the Elder Zhuz ^[3] .

Such a huge number of genealogies among different nations, leading their origin to Mike-biy - due to the fact that Mike was a noble and famous temnik.

Bashkir genealogies

• Uyshin-Tashbug-Syra biy-Aydir biy-Tumen biy ... - his son is Uishin Mikey biy.
• Sons of Mike-biya:
• Sura Biy (Kara Tabyntsi), Ilek Biy (Irekte Kara Tabyntsi), Soltan Biy (Western Tabynets).

Matching names in the shezher of the Tabyn Bashkirs with the names of the Karakhanid khans

The founder of the Karakhanid dynasty was Kara-khan , who, according to the story of Ibn al-Asir , was the first to accept Islam. The son of Kara Khan was Bogra Khan , his successor Ilek Khan - at the beginning of the XI century. the most stubborn distributor of Islam among the pagan Turks. The mass conversion of the Turks to Islam occurred in 1043, when 10,000 tents of the nomads converted to Islam (Ibn al-Asir) and 20,000 head of cattle was slaughtered on the festival of Kurban (Bartold, 1964, p. 290).

The names of the Karakhanids with striking regularity were preserved in the Shezher of the Kara-Tabynites, in which, however, the usual chronological displacements occurred for the sources of this type: later, and therefore brighter real personalities (Miky-biy), were at the top of the genealogy, and the earliest, semi-legendary and forgotten, by their descendants. In the genealogy of the Bashkir Kara-Tabyn people, Mike-Biy’s son is Ilekbiy, his descendant is Bulga (Bogra) or Bulgair-biy, and his son is Kara-Gaziz (Kara-khan), who, according to the chronicler, became the founder of Kara-Tabyn genus (BS, p. 165). The epithet "ghaziz" (saint) indicates the adoption by Kara-Ghaziz - the "ancestor" of the Kara-Tabyn people - Islam, like its prototype - Kara-khan. Judging by these analogies, the 10,000 tents mentioned by Ibn al-Asir included Tabyn, since “these Turks wandered in the summer next to the land of the Bulgarians, in winter - near Balasagun ” (Bartold, 1964 p. 290).

Already then, in the middle of the 11th century, some clan groups of the Tabyn-Usun formations could remain on the territory “adjacent to the land of the Bulgars” ... Obviously, the ethnonym Ilekaimagi (the Ilek clan), recorded by the Tabyn people twice, dates back to the same period of history.

- Kuzeev R.G. The origin of the Bashkir people. M., Science, 1974, S.252-265.

10 thousand tents are in other words - Tumen, in the shezher of the Tabyn Bashkirs Tumen is mentioned as the ancestor of Mike-biy.

The adoption of Islam in 1043 by the ten-thousand-strong army of Karakhanids is also related to the ethnonym Tabyn, since Tabyn means in the Turkic languages ​​“pray, worship God” (Tabynyu).

Bashkir legends

In the Kara-Tabyn shezher about Mikey-biy it says: "... his name is Uishin Majik-biy" ^[4] . The great-grandson of Mike-biy was Kara-tabyn-biy (another name is Kara-Gaziz), which allegedly gave rise to the Kara-Tabyn family ^[5] .

In one of the Bashkir shezher ^[6] the name of the ancestor of Maiky-bi is indicated - Tөmәn-bi (Tumen-biy).

Miky-biy received from Genghis Khan, according to the legends and the shezhere of the Tabyn Bashkirs, a country (silt), a bird - an eagle-vulture, a tree-larch, uranium-salavat ^[7] . The real meaning of the tradition is that Mikey-biy was among the conquered or, most likely, obedient to the Mongols steppe rulers who received confirmation from the conquerors of their former privileges. However, there is a direct message about this from the medieval chronicler: Mikey-biy, “having brought gifts to Genghis Khan, became his companion, traveled with Genghis Khan in the same cart” ^[8] .

Kazakh genealogies

Mike had two sons - Oysyl and Uysul. Uysul is the ancestor of the majority of the tribes of the Elder Zhuz Kazakhs ^[9] , Oysyl is the ancestor of the Kazakhs of the Sirgeli tribe. In another Kazakh genealogy, the descendants of Mike-biy show Abak (Aksakal) and Bakhtiyar, Abak the ancestor of the genera ysty , shapyrashty , oshakty , saryuysin , alban , dulat ^[10] .

Kazakh traditions

The genealogy of the Kazakh Tabyn people also dates back to Uisin or Uysun Mike-biy. Some Kazakh researchers attribute the appearance of this epithet to the influence of the Usuns on the ancestors of the Tabyn people ^[11] .

At the beginning of the XX century. G.N. Potanin recorded the legend about the election of Genghis Khan to prisoners among Kazakh tabynians: “Genghis Khan, when he was a child, fled up the Kerulen River in Altai. The twelve biys, led by Mikey, went to look for him to convince him to become a khan. Finally, they found Chinggis, built a cart, into which 11 biys were harnessed, and Mike-biy sat next to the khan and became the first biy ” ^[12] .

Kazakh Tabynites of the Small Zhuz also build their genealogy to Mike-biy ^[11] .

Karakalpak genealogies

Karakalpak traditions

In the legend recorded by K. L. Zadykhina in 1947 in the Kungrat district of Karakalpakia, Miky-biy is also named as a descendant of Tumen ^[13] .

Kumyk and Nogai genealogies

Kumyk and Nogai traditions

N. Khodnev considered the aces to be the direct ancestors of the Kumyk clan of the Tyumen, which, according to the Nogai genealogy of the 19th century. had a common ancestor with the Nogai clan Uysun, named Mike-Biy.

Comparison of the name of the ancestor of Mike-biy - Tumen with Bumyn- Kagan - is nothing more than a beautiful legend. In fact, the anthroponym Tumen indicates that Miky-biy was the emir who led the tumen , that is, an army of 10 thousand people, therefore in tradition we are dealing with a confusion of the military term "tumen" - with the fictitious name of the ancestor of Mike-biy.

Bashkirs

The DNA test revealed among the descendants of the tribal elders of Kara- Tabyn, Irektin, Kalser - Tabyn , Bike - Suun , who consider themselves the descendants of Mike-biy - a common ancestor who lived in the 13th century A.D. e., related to the haplogroup R1a .

Kazakhs

A DNA test of some Kazakh Tabyn and Uysun revealed haplogroups C2 , N1c and J2a1 in them .

The belonging of the Bashkir Tabyn and Irectinians to the haplogroup R1a, and the Kazakh Tabyn and Uysun to the haplogroups C3 and J2a1 - confirmed the different ethnic composition of the medieval Uysuns. Part of the Uysun clans such as karatabyn, karakalpak were R1a, other clans - sarytabyn and saryuysuns were from J2 and C3. A similar division into black (Kara) and yellow genera (Sarah) was among the ancient Turgeshs .