Lottery

The word lottery in Peter's time was borrowed from the Netherlands. loterij , where it is from fr. lotérie < ital. lottería “lottery” ^[1] , from lotto “share”, borrowed from the Frankish hlōt ^[2] < pragerm. * xlautaz "lot" ^[3] .

In antiquity

The history of the lottery leads to the ancient origins of human civilization . According to scientists, one of the first references to the manifestation of a peculiar form of the lottery is ancient Greek myths, which say that the soldiers took turns pulling stones from a golden helmet , one of which gave the right to a duel with Zeus , which meant being able to stay alive or die with honor.

Despite the differences in the chronology of the events of antiquity, one of the following historical chronicles explaining the birth of the forerunner of the lottery referred to by historians is the Bible ( Numbers 26: 2 ), where it is written: God commanded Moses to count the “sons of Israel” and divide by lot between them land on the west bank of the Jordan River (as a reward for years of trial and deprivation while wandering in the desert). Historians interpret these facts in such a way that after people performed a certain action, they received a randomly distributed reward, which can be interpreted as a win associated with receiving rewards for winning the lottery.

Almost simultaneously, the birth of the first forms of the lottery in Ancient Rome and China . In 100 BC, during the reign in China of the Han Dynasty , a lottery was organized that resembled the game of Keno . The proceeds from its holding were used to defend the country, and primarily to finance the construction of the Great Wall of China .

The historical chronicle states that already in the late Roman Republic various forms of the lottery were known, associated with the name of Julius Caesar . During his reign, the first public lottery was organized to raise funds in favor of the municipal needs of Rome: repair of roads, bridges and buildings. In addition, during the big holidays , free lotteries were organized for the poor. Plebeians were given “pieces of happiness”, and several lucky ones received cash prizes .

Lotteries in Europe (1466-1933)

Between the 15th and 17th centuries, lottery draws were widespread throughout Europe . The first mention of a lottery in European countries is associated with a rally organized by the widow of the Flemish painter Jan Van Eyck , dedicated to the 25th anniversary of his death. The lottery was held in the city of Bruges , modern Belgium , and dates from February 24, 1466 . Anyone who purchased a lottery ticket could take part in the lottery and receive a monetary reward. The proceeds were used to support the poor citizens. After 1466, various lotteries were held in Belgium, thanks to which chapels , almshouses , water channels and port facilities were built.

The events of 1515 that took place in the Republic of Genoa reveal to us the secret of the origin of the word "lottery". In the 15th century, in Genoa, during the elections to the local government (Great Council), 90 candidates were elected by voting , after which only 5 of the most worthy candidates were required to be selected in the final round . In order to get the fairest result, it was decided to carry out a special draw according to the formula 5 out of 90, thereby transferring the final vote to “Lotto”, which means “Destiny” in Italian. In addition, there is an opinion among linguists that the word "lottery" comes from the Frankish "hlot", which means "lot", which over time has transformed into the English word "lot" - "share". Apparently, experts find it difficult to determine which language is the progenitor of the modern word "lottery", but at least the fact that the roots of its origin lead to the Romance group of languages ​​is obvious.

From 1520 to 1532, King Francis I of France issued a decree on holding lottery drawings in an effort to improve the state treasury . In several cities in France : Paris , Lyon , Strasbourg , Bordeaux and Lille , lottery wheels were installed, from which citizens pulled tickets.

In Italy, one of the first sensational lotteries is the "De Lotto de Firenze", organized in 1530 in Florence . This was one of the first lotteries that won cash prizes , thanks to which it was marked by unprecedented success and very quickly spread to other cities of the country, and since 1863, regular national lotteries began to be held on the territory of modern Italy.

In England, the beginning of the lottery is associated with the name of one of the most prominent figures of the British monarchy, Queen Elizabeth I, and falls on 1559 , the first year of her reign. It was during this period of time that the kingdom had serious economic difficulties, while England was actually in a state of military and economic blockade . The politicians surrounding the queen associated the state’s exit from the situation with the successful marriage of Elizabeth I with some strong foreign monarch of that time, but Elizabeth, who had a very strong character, flatly refused such a political maneuver and stated that she was not going to get married yet, but he knows how to fix the financial situation of the country. And who would have thought that the young queen would propose a lottery. It should be noted that the proposal of Elizabeth was a very coup. The lottery was launched on a large scale and was held on January 11, 1559 . About 40 thousand lottery tickets were offered for sale, and the winners were expected to receive a reward in the form of a tapestry , gold and money. The funds raised were spent on the restoration and reconstruction of ports, as well as other public needs. Since then, the tradition of organizing state lotteries in England existed until 1825, until it was interrupted by the government under pressure from opponents of the lottery represented by the opposition in the English parliament . But we must pay tribute to the fact that for more than two centuries, the famous British Museum , the London Aqueduct, several bridges and many other important architectural objects were built with "lottery" money.

In 1726, in Holland (the Netherlands ), the oldest and still valid classical numerical lottery is formed and held today, which is a significant event in the history of the creation and development of lotteries. The first numerical lottery held in Holland served as a catalyst for the intensive development and distribution of lotteries throughout Europe.

In Spain, the fashionable tradition of holding lotteries was brought from Naples by the Spanish King Charles III himself . On December 10, 1763, the first draw of the Spanish national lottery La Primitiva was held, which, like the first Dutch lottery, is among the long-lived and is valid to this day.

However, the Dutch and Spaniards were not alone in their endeavors, and in chronological order after the Netherlands and Spain in 1783, the first national charity lottery was launched in Portugal at the oldest holy cathedral of Santa Casa da Misericordia de Lisbon (Lotaria Nacional Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa), which is also one of the oldest and most active lottery institutes in the world, founded by Queen Maria Pia .

In 1863 , after the unification of Italy , the first national Lotto lottery of Italy was established, the draws of which began to be held on a regular basis weekly, and the proceeds went to the state treasury.

In 1930, the first Irish state lotteries were launched, which gained great popularity in the American and Canadian markets due to the complete prohibition of lotteries in these countries at that time. Also among them were charity lotteries organized in the interests of Irish hospitals.

In 1933, after almost a 100-year ban period, a lottery called Loterie Nationale was rehabilitated in France, which operated on a regular basis until the outbreak of World War II , after which its draws were discontinued. After peacetime, the lottery was restored.

American Lotteries (1612-1906)

The emergence of the American lottery is an interesting historical event, fundamentally associated with the construction of the first British colony in America . After two unsuccessful attempts to establish colonies in the New World , during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, private capital entered into business. In 1612, the King of England, Jacob I, authorizes the Virginia London Joint Stock Company , which had previously obtained a license to build the first English colony named after the king, Fort James (English pronunciation of the name Jacob), to conduct a lottery to finance the maintenance and construction of the colony. The lottery was held regularly for several years, raising sufficient funds, about 8 thousand pounds a year for the development of the colony, thereby playing a crucial role in creating the first permanent British settlement in America - Jamestown ( Virginia ).

Since then, given the high profitability and great interest of the population, the lottery has not only taken root in America, but has also been actively developing in all kinds of forms, becoming the most functional tool for financing military and social projects. By 1860, the profits from holding lotteries occupied the lion's share of funding for social programs in 24 US states. For a little over 250 years, about 200 churches , 300 schools , many hospitals , orphanages and libraries , as well as about 50 colleges and universities , the most famous of which are Harvard , Yale , Princeton , Dartmouth , Brownian and Columbian, were built for lottery money. .

However, by 1778 there were many lottery scandals due to the fact that the lotteries were privately owned, were poorly regulated and were subject to widespread corruption , which subsequently led to public discontent and led to their ban. By the end of the 19th century, most US states prohibited lotteries through constitutional law , and on July 29, 1890, US President Benjamin Harrison sent a message to Congress demanding the adoption of "tough and effective" legislation aimed at banning lotteries. Congress responded quite quickly and approved a law prohibiting the production and distribution of lottery tickets in the United States . After that, in 1892, the United States Supreme Court upheld the law, which ultimately led to a complete stoppage of the lottery business in the United States in 1900 , with the exception of the Louisiana State Lottery, which was closed in 1906 .

In Russia and the USSR

In the Russian Empire

In the Russian Empire, the holding of one of the first lotteries was marked by the reforms of Peter I and dates from the beginning of the 18th century . Its founder is the Moscow watchmaker Jacob Gassenus. The lottery was organized in such a way that two children took out lottery tickets from the box, and Gassenus immediately distributed the lucky prizes to the lucky ones. It should be noted that this tradition did not take root in Russia immediately, the income from the first lotteries was too small for their development. Subsequently, there were attempts to conduct lotteries privately, but they were harshly suppressed by the authorities.

Another documented fact of the lottery dates back to 1945, when in 1745 the things of the debtor, the merchant Ivan Danilov, were played out ^[4] .

In 1860, a Senate decree was adopted on the confiscation of goods that are carried home to play lotteries. This indicates that home lotteries were not an isolated character ^[5] .

The first official lottery was the "First State Lottery", organized in 1760. A decree was issued on the establishment of the State Lottery for the maintenance of retired and wounded senior and non-commissioned officers and privates. ^[6] The circulation was 50,000 copies, the ticket cost was 11 rubles. The proceeds from the sale of tickets were planned to be spent on helping wounded and retired military officials ^[7] .

The Senate decree forbade the presence of representatives of the lower strata of the population, including soldiers and servants. Despite the good intentions of Catherine II to replenish the state treasury by organizing a lottery, the first experience of its holding was unsuccessful. The imperial treasury had to pay 45 thousand rubles to the payoff fund for the winnings. Since then, the Empress was extremely negative about holding such rallies and did not organize them anymore.

In 1771, lotteries in the Russian Empire were banned ^[7] . In 1782, the Charter of the Deanery allowed lotteries to be held, and foreign lotteries were banned ^[8] .

Lottery Rules

In 1875, the rules for holding lotteries were finally approved.

Here are the main ones:

• Only clothing lotteries are allowed.
• The income from the lottery went only to charity.
• It is forbidden to play cash prizes and securities.

• The amount of the cost of lottery tickets should not exceed 1,500 rubles (for this reason, the common circulation of lotteries of the twentieth century was 6,000 copies at a ticket price of 25 kopecks)
• The number of winnings in the lottery must be at least 1/100 of the total number of tickets,
• The total amount of winnings is at least half of the amount by which the lottery is played out.
• Permission to set up a lottery can be given only when “general or private harm is not done” and when no complaint or dispute arises from anyone 3 days after submitting the request.
• The highest resolution must be obtained for the lottery device in the amount of more than 1,500 rubles (permission up to this amount could be given by the governor, the head of the region or the mayor).
• The sale of foreign lotteries and lotteries of foreign loans was prohibited. In special cases, the sale of tickets for foreign lottery loans may be authorized by the Minister of Finance
• For fraud during the lottery, the perpetrators are punished as cheating when playing cards.
• Allegri lotteries (instant lotteries) could be arranged at such public festivities in which, regardless of the fee for lottery tickets, an admission fee of at least 1 ruble is assigned ^[7] .

In 1892, the government independently initiated a lottery to raise funds to help the population in connection with crop failure, and with its help raised an incredibly astronomical amount at that time - 9 million 600 thousand rubles. А в 1914 году , в связи с началом Первой мировой войны , правительственная лотерея собрала значительные средства для оказания помощи раненым фронтовикам.

В СССР

С приходом советской власти , в 1918 году лотереи были объявлены буржуазным пережитком прошлого и запрещены декретом Совнаркома, но вскоре в связи с большим неурожаем и финансовыми трудностями, в 1921 году было принято решение восстановить их проведение.

Организация лотерей в СССР, как и любая прочая финансовая деятельность, являлась государственной монополией. При этом, в связи с практически постоянным дефицитом потребительских товаров, лотереи (в отличие от всех других стран), как правило, были денежно-вещевыми (за исключением «Спортлото», «Спринт» и «Спортпрогноз» — последний имел уже все черты спортивного тотализатора ).

Билеты лотерей поступали в свободную продажу через систему « Союзпечать », а также розничную торговлю. Часть лотерейных билетов распространялась «добровольно-принудительно» — как « нагрузка » к покупке, «на сдачу», вместо определённой суммы при выдаче зарплаты, премии, стипендии или пенсии, одновременно с уплатой членских взносов партийных, комсомольских, профсоюзных и различных добровольных организаций ( ДОСААФ , ОСВОД и т. д.). Лотереи распространяли профсоюзные активисты, комсорги и партработники.

Черты лотереи (с целью повышения их привлекательности в глазах населения) несли также выигрышные займы , ежегодный доход по которым выплачивался в виде выигрышей, разыгрываемых в регулярных тиражах (за исключением тех выпусков, обращение которых было «заморожено»).

С конца 50-х годов и вплоть до распада СССР всесоюзные лотереи проводились регулярно. Раз в месяц проходил тираж обычной лотереи с билетами стоимостью 30 копеек (выигрыши от 1 рубля до автомобиля « Москвич » или « Жигули »). Полный выигрыш приходился на билет, и серия, и номер которого совпадали с выигрышными, в случае совпадения только серии владельцу билета выплачивался минимальный «утешительный» выигрыш в размере от 1 до 3 рублей. 4 раза в год проводился тираж лотереи ДОСААФ. В денежно-вещевой лотерее ДОСААФ (выигрыши от 1 рубля до автомобиля « Волга ») на выигрыши шла всего четверть средств, вырученных от продажи лотерейных билетов, однако в первое время они пользовались большой популярностью, учитывая ценность и практическую недоступность главного выигрыша. Также право проводить лотереи получил Союз художников СССР , однако выигрыши в них были только вещевыми (произведения искусства), и выплата их стоимости деньгами не допускалась. Иногда проводились специальные тиражи, посвящённые крупным мероприятиям (таким, как фестиваль молодёжи и студентов 1985 года ). Номера и серии выигрышных билетов публиковались в центральной и местной прессе.

На протяжении последующих 50 лет в СССР существовали всевозможные денежные лотереи, но числовая лотерея появилась гораздо позднее.

В 1970 году в порядке эксперимента была организована спортивно-числовая лотерея «Спортлото 6 из 49» (модифицированный вариант известной азартной игры « кено »). Её основным условием было присвоение 49 видам спорта условных порядковых номеров. Жеребьёвка первого тиража советской лотереи «Спортлото 6 из 49» состоялась 20 октября 1970 года в Москве , в Центральном Доме журналиста . В течение недели накануне проведения первого розыгрыша, было распродано около 1,5 миллионов лотерейных билетов. С 10 января 1974 года тиражи всесоюзной лотереи «Спортлото» начали проводиться в Москве на студии Центрального телевидения и транслироваться в прямом эфире .

За всю историю советских лотерей, «Спортлото» была самой крупной и знаменитой, заслужив среди населения СССР большую популярность благодаря тому, что участник сам выбирал свои числа удачи, а не получал лотерейный билет с присвоенным номером, как во всех предшествующих лотереях. За 20 лет существования лотерея «Спортлото» принесла государству 500 млрд рублей — на эти средства по всему СССР строились стадионы и спорткомплексы, а в 1980 году лотерея сыграла значительную роль в финансировании Московской Олимпиады .

Сам денежный выигрыш можно было получить в сберкассе , вещевой — в уполномоченном магазине. При этом лотерейный билет, на который выпал особо крупный вещевой выигрыш, прежде всего автомобиль (особенно «Волга»), сам по себе мог становиться предметом неоднократной перепродажи и спекуляции (на чём построен сюжет телефильма «Ковалёва из провинции»), поскольку манипуляции с ним были более скрытыми и безопасными, чем с самим автомобилем. В литературе (повесть «Над Тиссой» А. Авдеенко ) описаны также случаи скупки облигаций займов, на которые выпал крупный выигрыш, с последующей их передачей агентам иностранных разведок с целью наглядной для окружающих легализации больших денежных сумм.

На тему лотерей были сняты фильмы (« Зигзаг удачи » (выигрыш выпал на облигацию 3%-ного выигрышного займа СССР 1966 года), « Спортлото-82 », « Два воскресенья »).
Крылатыми стали выражения из фильма « Бриллиантовая рука »: « Кто возьмёт билетов пачку, тот получит… водокачку », « А если не будут брать — отключим газ » и диалог из фильма « Москва слезам не верит »: « В жизни ведь ещё лотерея есть. Я вот всегда лотерейный билет покупаю! — Ну и как, выиграла что-нибудь? — А как же! Два раза по рублю! ".

Кроме тиражных лотерей, выпускались билеты моментальной лотереи «Спринт» и моментальной книжной лотереи.

Официальные европейские лотереи

После окончания Второй мировой войны индустрия лотереи в европейских странах быстро восстанавливается и успешно развивается. Благодаря интенсивному росту экономики, многовековым лотерейным традициям и большой плотности административного дробления уже к середине 1980-х годов Европа наряду с Соединенными Штатами была богатейшим регионом по количеству и разнообразию всевозможных лотерей, таких как КЕНО , Бинго , мгновенная лотерея и, разумеется, классическая числовая лотерея, которая является самой популярной и востребованной.

В Европе самыми крупными числовыми лотереями по рейтингу популярности и размерам джекпотов являются:

1. Общеевропейская лотерея Евромиллионы (EuroMillions)
2. Итальянская лотерея СуперЭналото (SuperEnalotto)
3. Испанская лотерея Эль Гордо (El Gordo)
4. Испанская лотерея Ла Примитива (La Primitiva)
5. Национальная Лотерея Великобритании (UK National Lottery)
6. Германия Лото 6/49 (Germany Lotto 6/49)
7. Австрия Лото 6/45 (Austria Lotto 6/45)
8. Ирландия Лото (Ireland Lotto)
9. Франция Лото (France Loto)
10. Бельгия Лото (Belgium Lotto)
11. Швеция Викинг Лото (Sweden Viking Lotto)
12. Межнациональная европейская лотерея ЕвроДжекпот (Eurojackpot)

Особое внимание стоит уделить лотерее ЕвроМиллионы, которая по всем параметрам бесспорный лидер среди европейских лотерей и уступает им лишь сроком своего существования. История лотереи ЕвроМиллионы первоначально связана с вводом в обращение единой европейской валюты евро . Базовый проект создания лотереи возник в 1994 году и его ключевая идея заключалась в синхронизации её запуска с переходом стран Евросоюза на общеевропейскую валюту. Тем не менее, открытие лотереи ЕвроМиллионы откладывалось несколько раз и только спустя десять лет — 13 февраля 2004 года в Париже состоялся её первый розыгрыш. В недавнем прошлом лотерея претерпела существенные изменения, и 10 мая 2011 года состоялась вошедшая в историю первая жеребьевка обновленной лотереи ЕвроМиллионы, а менее чем через два месяца произошло ещё одно знаменательное событие — 12 июля 2011 года был разыгран рекордный джекпот лотереи ЕвроМиллионы — 185 млн евро. ЕвроМиллионы имеет один из самых больших призовых фондов в мире, за счет ее международного статуса. Средний размер главного приза составляет 48 млн евро.

Официальные лотереи США

After more than half a century of a ban on lotteries in the United States , their revival begins, primarily due to one of the smallest, but independent and freedom-loving states in the northeastern United States, New Hampshire (which was the first to proclaim independence from the UK , and the state motto is the phrase: “Live free or die” - “Live free or die”), where in 1964 the first state lottery was launched.

In 1967, New York became the second American state to renew the lottery. In 1970, the lottery reappeared in New Jersey , which in 1971 was the first in the world to implement an automated betting system, laying the foundation for the development of the online lottery. Since 1975, the United States has been allowed to advertise lotteries in the media , including radio and television , and by 1980, more than half of the North American states had resumed lotteries.

However, there are no national lotteries in the United States, as US lotteries are governed by the laws of each jurisdiction. Nevertheless, in the USA there are two largest transnational lotteries: Mega Millions and Powerball , which appeared due to the merger of the official lotteries of several states. Until today, these lotteries occupy a leading position in the ranking of popularity and are record holders in terms of jackpots.

An unusual lottery was the Cash WinFall lottery in Massachusetts : a feature of the device made it possible in some raffles to make a profit by buying a large number of tickets. At least three groups of hacker players have been using these for several years.

The record jackpot in the history of the Powerball lottery - $ 590.5 million dollars - was played on May 18, 2013, entering the top three largest wins in the world.

The largest jackpot in the world was won on March 30, 2012 at Mega Millions and amounted to $ 656 million.

The latest historical event in the US lottery industry is the agreement signed between January and December 2010 between the Mega Millions and Powerball lotteries on a joint cross-selling program that entered into force in March 2010 and expanded the geography of the distribution of lottery tickets for these lotteries in the United States to 43 jurisdictions: 41 states and counties of Columbia and the US Virgin Islands .

As of 2011, the United States has official lotteries run by 46 jurisdictions: in 43 states, as well as in the districts of Columbia, US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico .

Official Russian Lotteries

The organization and conduct of lotteries in the Russian Federation is regulated by the Civil Code, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Lotteries” , and a number of by-laws. Lotteries are divided according to various criteria into the following types.

The lottery, depending on the method of its implementation, is divided into circulation and non-circulation :

1. Draw lottery . Lottery, in which the lottery prize pool is drawn between all participants in the lottery at a time after the distribution of lottery tickets, lottery receipts, electronic lottery tickets. Holding such a lottery may include individual runs. To determine the winning lottery combination (winning lottery combinations) during the drawing of the prize fund of the lottery draw, it is not allowed to use more than one unit of lottery equipment at a time.
2. Lottery Lottery . A lottery, in which information to determine the winnings is put in lottery tickets, electronic lottery tickets at the stage of their manufacture (creation). When holding a lottery-free lottery, the lottery participant immediately after receiving the fee for participating in the lottery, receiving the lottery ticket, electronic lottery ticket and revealing hidden inscriptions, drawings, numbers or symbols on the lottery ticket knows about the presence and size of the prize or about its absence.

The lottery, depending on its territory, is divided into international and all-Russian state:

1. International lottery - a lottery that is held in the territories of two or more states, including the territory of the Russian Federation, on the basis of an international treaty of the Russian Federation.
2. All-Russian State Lottery - a lottery that is held throughout the Russian Federation.

According to the law, non-state lotteries are prohibited in Russia. The law entered into force on July 1, 2014. From this moment, state lotteries are held by decision of the government, and international - according to the laws of the Russian Federation. Non-governmental lotteries of Russia, the holding of which is prohibited from July 1, 2014:

1. Lottostar (First National Lottery, Luck Factory, Lotto-Million, Capital, Russian Sprint, etc ...).
2. Trump card
3. Russian troika
4. Good luck code

State Lotteries of Russia:

1. Gosloto
2. Sportloto
3. Victory (the state contract expired on June 10, 2015) . In this regard, the popular Golden Key lottery and Golden Key lottery 6 out of 36 suspended their activities. ^[9]
4. Stoloto
5. Russian lotto
6. 6 from 36
7. Housing Lottery
8. Golden horseshoe
9. Bingo 75

The lottery is organized by the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency for Special Construction of the Russian Federation (Special Construction of Russia), the subordinate Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. A valuable prize or lottery prize is taxed, according to the laws of the Russian Federation.

The maximum winnings in the Russian lotteries were registered on January 1, 2019 - during the New Year raffle a jackpot in the amount of 1,000,000,000 rubles (one billion) was played. It was shared by two participants. One of them is from the Sverdlovsk region (35-year-old driver from Yekaterinburg Nikolai Miroshnichenko), and the other is from St. Petersburg (Sergey Dogorov, locksmith). They will receive 500 million rubles (before the deduction of personal income tax). Also in the 1204th edition of the Russian Lotto, the same large prize (more than 500 million rubles) was won by pensioner Natalya Vlasova from the Voronezh Region.

Official Lotteries of Ukraine

To date, the lottery market of Ukraine is divided into two major operators of the lottery UNL (Ukrainian National Lottery) and MSL (Molod Sport Lotto).

The company UNL presents in the Ukrainian market popular lotteries:

1. Super Lotto
2. Keno
3. Lotto Maxima
4. Good Luck
5. Lotto Three

MSL Company presents the famous lotteries of Ukraine:

1. Lotto Fun
2. Megalot
3. Sport Forecast
4. Sport League
5. Lottery Who's There
6. Race on Groshі
7. Shvidkogray
8. Type and Top

Kazakhstan Official Lotteries

In connection with the adoption of the new law "On Lotteries and Lottery Activities", all existing lotteries were closed.

Kazakhstan Lotteries

The organization and conduct of the lottery in the Republic of Kazakhstan is regulated by the Law "On Lotteries and Lottery Activities" dated April 9, 2016 and the Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on a tender from 9 companies, a single lottery operator was determined by JSC “Stti Zhuldyz” with the right to carry out activities for a period of 15 years.

The most popular television lotteries of the Republic of Kazakhstan were:

1. TV Bingo (from 11.28.1999 to 10.30.2016)
2. Lotto “5 of 36”, “6 of 40” and “PIK-5” (from 2000 to 2006)
3. Family Lotto
4. Altyn Taga (from Kazakh - Golden Horseshoe) (from April 5, 2009 to January 12, 2014)
5. "Aksha" (from September 2, 2012 to October 30, 2016)
6. KazLoto (from February 24, 2008 to October 30, 2016)
7. Lotto Batyr (from 11/14/2009 to 10/30/2016)
8. 5 out of 30 (from 5.12.2009)
9. 5 out of 36 (from 10/13/2013)
10. 6 out of 35 (from December 5, 2009 to December 4, 2010 - 6 out of 38)
11. Autocush (from November 20, 2015 to October 2, 2016)
12. Own home (from December 6, 2015 to October 10, 2016)
13. Superbingo (from 05.17.2012)
14. Стті Жұлдыз (“777”, “Keno”, “TeleBingo”, “Loto 6/49”, instant lotteries: “3 Diamonds”, “Zhomart 3”, “777”).

The maximum gain in active lotteries in the Republic of Kazakhstan was registered on July 11, 2010 in the lottery 6 out of 38 - 155.791.269 tenge (at the exchange rate at that time - 1.056.068 USD ) in Almaty .
The maximum gain in the passive lotteries was registered on October 9, 2011 in the Bingo TV lottery - 74.624.177 tenge (at the exchange rate at that time - 502.993 USD ) in Taraz .
Theoretically, the maximum possible win for one combination on one ticket among the active lotteries of the Republic of Kazakhstan , in which the jackpot is fixed and does not accumulate - 100,000,000 tenge in the Superbingo game, with a 10-fold bet on 10 numbers out of 80. At the moment, the maximum winnings in Superbingo are 10,000,000 tenge (at the exchange rate at that time - 65.359 USD ) in the city of Karaganda on December 30, 2013 at a 1-time rate for 10 numbers.

Official Lotteries of Belarus

The coordination, management and control in the field of lottery activities in the Republic of Belarus is carried out by the Ministry of Finance.

A distinctive feature of the lottery activity in the Republic of Belarus is the need to obtain an expert opinion in the OAC (Operational and Analytical Center under the President of the Republic of Belarus) on the software and hardware complexes of the lottery. In addition, before and after the drawing of the next draw of the OAC, an expert check of the databases of sold / unrealized tickets and the results of the draw, respectively, is carried out.

These numerous checks help protect against unauthorized access, modification, copying, theft, destruction of information and other similar actions.

The prize fund is formed in the amount of 50% of the total sales of lottery tickets.

Lotteries are divided into the following types:

• by the method of participation in the lottery: active, passive, active-passive lottery and electronic;
• by the method of determining winnings: circulation, instant and combined;
• at the place of establishment: republican, local and international lottery.

The most popular lotteries of the Republic of Belarus:

1. Your lotto
2. Pyaterochka
3. Superlotto
4. My own game
5. Capital
6. Sportloto 5 of 36
7. Sportloto 6 of 49
8. Blitz
9. KENO
10. Sport Forecast
11. Cyberloto

Official Lotteries of Azerbaijan

In Azerbaijan, the main organizer of all television lotteries is the state lottery company Azerlotereya (azerb. Azerlotereya), which broadcasts all its television lotteries on the state-run Azerbaijani television channel Space TV for one hour on Mondays. The prize fund of the main Super Bingo television lottery is formed by the tickets purchased. In advance of the draw, it is not yet known how far the game will go. The host announces how far the game will go, only after the speaker announces the number of tickets sold. The game until turn 88 will go on when more than 2,000,000 tickets will play, and the game until turn 89 will go when more than 4,000,000 tickets will play. The game until turn 87 occurs when more than 1,000,000 tickets participate in the draw. However, on average for the circulation, in the Super Bingo lottery, an average of 300,000 tickets participate, as a result of which, the game goes up to 81 moves. According to the rules of the Azerbaijani lotteries, there is such a rule - the less the number of tickets sold, the less chance of winning (due to a decrease in the number of moves), and if the number of tickets sold is less than 10.000, then a certain lottery can become bankrupt. The most popular television lotteries in Azerbaijan:

1. Super Bingo (30 of 90 - main lottery)
2. Super Loto (car and cash lottery)
3. Klassik Loto (car lottery)
4. 6/40
5. Lottery 5 of 36
6. Topaz (football tote, lottery tickets 5/36, 6/40, Bingo and Klassik Loto can be purchased)

It is impossible to ignore the fact that with the advent of new Internet technologies and modern telecommunication networks that allow remote sales of lottery tickets to be unlimited by distance and time, this is the birth of a new generation of lotteries in business history as a whole.

In the mid- 1990s , a new concept appeared - online lottery. Official lottery operators, taking into account that the number of Internet users is growing with enormous progression and that people are impressed by the idea of ​​playing online, are realizing new opportunities, and many online lottery sites appear on the network that provide the opportunity to buy lottery tickets over the Internet. In addition, with the advent of national online lottery sites that provide the sale of lottery tickets to residents of their countries, the first international online agencies appear that allow you to play online in the largest lotteries in the world, regardless of the location and residence of the player.

It is obvious that the Internet has played an irreplaceable role in the history of the lottery, which, thanks to its technological capabilities, actually gained a rebirth and received a tremendous resource for its popularization, and with access to foreign markets and globalization of the industry.

In 1999, the World Lottery Association (WLA) was created through the merger of AILE, the International Association of State Lotteries, Intertoto, the International Toto Association and Lotto. The association is registered in Switzerland , where its central headquarters is located.

The World Lottery Association is responsible for quality control and the conduct of lotteries around the world. In addition, the association prevents the emergence and development of illegal gambling in those states where it is banned.

Today, 90 countries of the world are members of the association, and the average annual income of the organization is 180 million US dollars . Not only national lotteries of various countries can join the organization, but also online lotteries, which are gaining more and more popularity today.

Recently, stimulating lotteries have become very popular.

A stimulating lottery can assist in the promotion of a product or service to the market (buy-and-win stocks). Incentive lotteries, according to the legislation, differ from ordinary ones in that their prize pool is formed not at the expense of participants' contributions, but at the expense of the lottery organizer. At the same time, they can be carried out using special equipment.

Incentive lotteries are an inexpensive but very effective marketing tool. Most often, stimulating lotteries are used by food manufacturers. And for manufacturers of tobacco and alcohol products, this is generally one of the main promotion tools. In Russia, in accordance with the amendments to the federal law “On Lotteries,” which entered into force on July 1, 2014, stimulating lotteries were abolished.

Preliminarily estimated the costs of organizing and conducting the lottery, the payment of the prize fund. Depending on the strategic objectives of the lottery organizers and their assessment of the public expectations of the target group, the distribution of the winning fund by categories of winnings is carried out. Most often, many small wins are offered (costing 1-3 lottery tickets), and several large ones (apartments, cars, computers). Significant funds are used to advertise the lottery itself, and to demonstrate the "lucky ones."