“Three Hierarchs” or “Three Hierarchs” is a sailing battleship of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Empire , one of the ships of the “Glory to Russia” type, a participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768–1774, including the Chios and Chesmen battles.
| Three Hierarchs | |
|---|---|
| Treh Hierarchs | |
 "Three Hierarchs" in the picture of IK Aivazovsky " Chesmensky battle ", 1848 | |
| Service | |
 Russia | |
| Ship class and type | Sailing battleship |
| Type of sailing equipment | three-mast ship |
| Organization | Baltic Fleet |
| Manufacturer | St. Petersburg Admiralty |
| Ship master | D. Ulfov |
| Construction started | November 13 ( 24 ), 1763 |
| Launched | June 13 ( 24 ), 1766 |
| Commissioned | 1766 |
| Removed from the fleet | 1786 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 1200 t |
| Length between perpendiculars | 46.5–47.4 m |
| Mid- width width | 12.3—12.65 m |
| Draft | 5.4-5.48 m |
| Mover | sail |
| Travel speed | 8 knots |
| Crew | 600 |
| Armament | |
| Total number of guns | 66 |
Ship description
The representative of a series of sailing two-deck battleships of the "Glory of Russia" type. This series of ships was the most numerous and one of the most successful series of battleships of the Russian Imperial Navy . The ships of the series were built from 1733 to 1774 at the shipyards of St. Petersburg and Arkhangelsk and took part in all the voyages and combat operations of the Russian fleet from 1734 to 1790. In total, 58 battleships [comm. 1] . All ships of this series had high seaworthiness, good maneuverability and stability [1] .
The ship's displacement was 1,200 tons, the length according to information from various sources from 46.5 to 47.4 meters [comm. 2] , width from 12.3 to 12.65 meters [comm. 3] , and the sediment is from 5.4 to 5.48 [comm. 4] meters. The armament of the ship was 66 guns, including twenty-four, twelve and six-pound cannons, and the crew consisted of 600 people. The speed of the vessel with fresh wind could reach eight knots [2] [3] [4] .
The name of the ship was given by Empress Catherine II in honor of the hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church Basil the Great , Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom , in connection with which its full name sounded like “Three Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, John Chrysostom” , also found in some sources variant: “Three Sanctuaries: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, John Chrysostom” [3] [4] [5] .
Service history
The ship "Three hierarchs" was laid in St. Petersburg and after launching in June 1766 it became part of the Baltic Fleet.
As part of the squadron was in practical navigation in the Gulf of Finland in 1767 and 1768.
He took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774 . On July 26, 1769, as part of the 1st Archipelago squadron, Admiral G. A. Spiridov left Kronstadt on the route Copenhagen - Gull - English Channel - Gibraltar and on December 2, 1769 arrived in Port Magon , where a squadron was assembled. February 3, 1770 separated from the squadron and with the frigate "Hope of Welfare" came to Livorno. On April 1, the ship under the flag of Count A. G. Orlov left Livorno and on April 14 joined the squadron located at the Coron fortress.
From April 26 to May 6, at the head of the detachment, he bombarded the fortress Modon , but due to the multiple numerical superiority of the Turkish troops, the detachment was forced to end the siege and leave for Navarin . On May 27, under the flag of A. G. Orlova, he left Navarin and on June 11, near Milo, he joined the fleet. On June 24, he participated in the battle in the Strait of Chios , being in the Cordebatalia, then in the Chesmen Battle .
July 18 at the head of the squadron came to the island of Lemnos , the ships of the squadron landed troops at the fortress of Pelari and blocked it from the sea, supporting ground troops with fire. On October 3, with a detachment, he left Pelari for the island of Poros .
From November 13, 1770 to July 7, 1771 under the flag of A. G. Orlov went from Ausa to Livorno. From August to November 1771, at the head of the squadron, sailed along the coast of the Negroponont peninsula, to Tasso island, to the Dardanelles strait, along the coast of Turkey, from 1 to 5 November, landed troops and bombarded the fortress of Mytilene .
December 28, 1771 arrived in Livorno for repairs. On February 16, 1773, he came from Livorno to Ausa, where he joined the fleet, and then, as part of the squadrons and detachments, went to cruise in the Archipelago, landed landings and bombed the fortresses of Budrum and Stancio.
From January to October 1774 at the head of the detachment went to cruise to the islands of Patmos and Most, blocking the Turkish coast. October 7, came to Ausa. On May 16, 1775, he went to Russia, on May 26, at Cape Matapan, he joined the squadron of Vice-Admiral A. V. Yelmanov and along it went along the route Port-Magon - Gibraltar - Portsmouth - Copenhagen - Revel . October 19, 1775 arrived in Kronstadt .
On July 7, 1776, he took part in the Supreme Examination of the ships of the Archipelago squadrons on the Kronstadt raid, and then in the exercises at Krasnaya Gorka. He didn’t go out to the sea anymore, he stood in the Kronstadt harbor.
The ship "Three hierarchs" was dismantled in 1786 in Kronstadt.
Ship's commanders
The commanders of the battleship "Three Hierarchs" at different times served:
- C. C. Greig (1767-1770);
- V.P. Fondezin (1771);
- P.A. Stepanov (1772);
- I. Muratov (1773-1776);
- R.C. Dugdal (1777-1780).
Notes
Comments
- ↑ Also in the series were two ships “Revel” built in 1735 and 1756 , two ships “Ingermanland” built in 1735 and 1752 , two ships “Northern Eagle” built in 1735 and 1763 , two ships “Saint Peter” in 1741 (up to 6 ( 17 ) December 1741 , was named “John”) and built in 1760 , two ships “Poltava” built in 1743 and 1754 , two ships “Saint Alexander Nevsky” in 1749 and 1762 built, two ships “Moscow” built in 1750 and 1760 , The ship " Glory to Russia " (head series ship), " Welfare Ground ," " Leferm ", " Happiness " (up to 6 ( 17 ) On December 1741 the year AZWAI "Generalissimo of Russia"), " The well-being " (6 ( 17 ) On December 1741 year names "Ruler of Russia"), " Catherine ", " Fridemaker ", " Forest ", " Archangel Raphael ," " St. Barbara ", " Saint Sergius "," St. John Chrysostom "(In 1751, it was renamed" St. John Chrysostom II "in connection with the construction of the 80-gun ship of the same name )," Archangel Gabriel "," Archangel Uriel "," Natalia "," Astrakhan " " Raphael ," " Saint James ", " Do not touch me ", " Eustace Placidus ," " Holy Ianuary ", " Saratov ", " TBE s "," Three Hierarchs "," Europe "," Vsevolod "," Rostislav "," St. George the Victorious "," Graf Orlov "," Memory Eustache "," Victory "," Victor "," Vyacheslav "," Dmitry Donskoy , Mironosits , Holy Prince Vladimir , Alexander Nevsky , Boris and Gleb , Preslav , Fight , Ingermanland , Spiridon , and one ship without a name built in 1758.
- ↑ 155 feet 6 inches.
- ↑ 41 feet 6 inches.
- ↑ 18 feet.
References to sources
- ↑ Chernyshov, 1997 , p. 42-62.
- ↑ Chernyshov, 1997 , p. 42
- ↑ 1 2 Veselago, 1872 , p. 32.
- ↑ 1 2 Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 22
- ↑ Chernyshov, 1997 , p. 54.
Literature
- Veselago F. F. List of Russian military courts from 1668 to 1860. - SPb. : Maritime Ministry Printing House, 1872. - 798 p.
- Veselago F. F. The General Maritime List from the base of the fleet until 1917. - SPb. : “Atlant”, 2013. –T. 2 / from the death of Peter the Great before the accession to the throne of Catherine II. - 464 s. - (Military history library). - ISBN 978-5-906200-03-7 .
- Chernyshev A. А. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing, 1997. - T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and vessels of the Russian fleet). - 10 000 copies - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
- A. B. Shirokorad. 200 Years of the Sailing Fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: “Veche”, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .