Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval ( French: Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval ; September 15, 1715 , Amiens - May 9, 1789 ) - French artillery officer who developed numerous improvements to various branches of artillery .
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Biography
Jean Baptiste Vacet de Griboval was born in the city of Amiens , in a family of local bourgeois. During his studies, he showed great abilities in the natural sciences and mathematics. In 1732 he entered the service of the French royal artillery. As a representative of France, he served in the Prussian and Austrian armies, including during the Silesian Wars .
In the service of the Austrians, Griboval had the opportunity to familiarize himself in detail with the organization of Austrian artillery - the most advanced in the world at that time. There he developed the foundations of a new artillery system, which he then successfully introduced.
During the Seven Years' War , in September and October 1762, while in Austrian service, Griboval commanded the artillery of the Schweidnitz fortress besieged by the Prussians in Silesia . During the defense of the fortress, the losses of the Prussian army exceeded the losses of the Austrians seven times, and Schweidnitz capitulated, only having completely exhausted the stock of ammunition. The artifacts of Schweidnitz were included in the then artillery textbooks as a model for the artillery of the besieged fortress.
After the conclusion of peace, de Griboval returned to Austria (where he received the rank of Field Marshal Lieutenant from Maria Theresa ), and soon to France, where he soon received the position of inspector general of the artillery of the kingdom.
The recent defeat of France in the Seven Years' War showed the obsolescence of the French artillery - in his new position, de Griboval was supposed to reform the field artillery of the French army, which he successfully completed. The Griboval system was at that time the most efficient in Europe. It existed, with some changes, until 1830 and had a huge impact on the development of artillery in most countries of the world.
In 1803, Napoleon decided to slightly change the Griboval system ( XI year system ), but this process lasted several years. After the abdication of Napoleon in 1815, the Griboval system was officially restored.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Committee of Historical and Scientific Works - 1834.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 1019730099 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.