Nicolae Balcescu ( rum. Nicolae Bălcescu , June 29, 1819, Bucharest - November 29, 1852, Palermo , Italy ) is a Romanian historian, writer and revolutionary, one of the leaders of the 1848 revolution in Wallachia and Transylvania .
| Nicolae Balcescu | |
|---|---|
| room. Nicolae Bălcescu | |
 | |
| Birth name | |
| Date of Birth | June 29, 1819 |
| Place of Birth | Bucharest |
| Date of death | November 29, 1852 (33 years old) |
| A place of death | Palermo |
| Citizenship |  Romania |
| Occupation | Historian, writer, revolutionary |
| Mother | |
Biography
Nicolae Balcescu was born into a boyar family, received his initial education at the College of Saint Sava, where Euthymius Murgu was a philosophy teacher. In the nineteenth year of his life, he enlisted in the army and established here, with the permission of the highest authority, a school for non-commissioned officers.
Under Gospel Alexander II, Gike Balcescu was involved in the conspiracy of Colonel Campineon and Mitika Filipeskul, with the aim of giving the country to the patronage of the Russian Empire and establishing a new constitution in it. Balcescu was sentenced to eternal hard labor, but the sentence was commuted and commuted to indefinite time, and he was sent to the monastery in Morgineni. Two years later, Balcescu was released thanks to the request of George Bibescu [1] .
In 1840 he participated in the movement for the unification and independence of Wallachia and Moldova . Shortly after the removal on October 7, 1842 of the reign of Wallachia of Alexander II Gika (for violation of the Organic Rules), the first elections of the reign of Wallachia took place. On January 1, 1843, George Bibescu was elected as the state gift, he was supported by both the liberal and conservative wing of the local nobility, as well as the tsarist administration.
In 1843, Balcescu, together with Ion Guika , Alexander Golescu and , founded the secret society “Frăţia” (“Brotherhood”).
During the revolution of 1848, Balcescu was a member of the Provisional Government of Wallachia, defended universal suffrage and the distribution of land among peasants.
On June 9, a large group of rebels gathered in Bucharest and headed for the gospodar palace. The army and police did not obstruct the rebels. A small group of revolutionaries entered the palace and handed over to Lord George III Bibescu the Islaz proclamation (rum. Proclamația de la Islaz) - demands developed as a result of a compromise between the radicals, led by Nicolae Balcescu, and more moderate cultural figures (the key representative of which was Ion Eliade -Radulescu ). On June 11, Lord George III Dmitry Bibescu accepted all the demands of the united opposition, and the Islamization proclamation was declared a constitution. On June 13, George III abdicated and went abroad.
Balcescu was a member of the literary and political society Sochietatya Litera, and advocated the dissemination of education.
Balcescu published many historical documents, including Wallachian chronicles, wrote a number of biographies of prominent Romanian figures, as well as the capital work “History of the Romanians in the time of Prince Mihai the Brave”. Balcescu defended the idea of unification of the Romanian lands and the creation of a democratic republic.
In his works, Balcescu expressed a number of valuable thoughts on the laws of the progressive development of human society, linking it with the social struggle, with recognition of the role of the masses in history.
In 2015, Nicolae Balcescu was posthumously elected a member of the Romanian Academy [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Balcescu, Nikolai // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Academia Romana (membri) . academiaromana.ro. Date of appeal April 25, 2019.
Links
- Balcescu Nicolae // The Greater Caucasus - The Grand Canal. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2006. - P. 470. - ( Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 4). - ISBN 5-85270-333-8 .