Apollinar Gilyarievich Goravsky ( 1833 - 1900 ) - Russian-Belarusian painter of the late XIX century .
| Apollinariy Gilyarievich Goravsky | |
|---|---|
 Apollinariy Gilyarievich Goravsky | |
| Date of Birth | 1833 |
| Place of Birth | with. Cleaning services, Igumen district , Minsk province , Russian empire |
| Date of death | 1900 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |
| Citizenship | Russian empire |
| Genre | painter |
| Study | Imperial Academy of Arts (1854) |
| Style | landscape , portrait |
| Awards |  |
| Ranks | Academician of IAH (1861) |
| Awards | IAH pension (1855) |
Biography
Born in the impoverished noble family of Goravskys . The clan used the Corab coat of arms (from the 17th century ), and led its genealogy from the nobleman Grakalo Gorawski. In the XIX century, part of the surname Grakalo went out of use. The Gorava family owned about 200 hectares of land, which the father of the artist Gilyarii Frantsevich inherited from his grandfather and father [1] . The family had three daughters and sons Ippolit (1828 - after 1864), Apollinarius (1833―1900), Karl (1838 - after 1869), Hector (1843―1893), Gilyarii (1847 - after 1875). Karl and Hector were professional military men, Hippolytus, Apollinaris and Gilarius were artists [2] [3] .
He was brought up in the Brest-Litovsk cadet corps . As a child, showed the ability to draw. He served in the cadet corps, Colonel Mikhail Leontyevich Benoit, noticed his artistic abilities and introduced his brother, the architect Nikolai Benoit , who subsequently facilitated Goravsky’s admission to the Petersburg Academy of Arts , where he studied with M as a free-comer from 1850 to 1854 . N. Vorobyov and F. A. Bruni [3] . In 1852 he received a small silver medal for the landscape, a large silver medal for the painting “Swamp” (acquired by the Tsarevich, future Emperor Alexander II ). In 1853, his painting “View of the Rucheyskoye Lake near the city of Toropets” (bought by collector A. A. Kokorev) was awarded a small gold medal.
In 1854 he graduated from the Academy with the title of a class artist and a large gold medal for the landscape "View in the estate of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko Krasnopolitsa in the Pskov province." In the fall of 1855 he arrived in Belarus, in Svisloch and in the same year he married the daughter of Colonel Mikhail Benois, Alexandra.
In 1856, he met P.M. Tretyakov , which grew into a friendship.
In 1858-1860 as a pensioner he trained in Europe with famous masters: A. Kalam in Geneva and A. Achenbach in Dusseldorf . Upon his return to Petersburg, he received the title of academician of painting. Since 1860, he often visited the Belarusian estate Brodets, with his sister, where he painted landscapes; I’ve been to my native cleanings.
In the years 1865-1885. taught at the St. Petersburg drawing school at the Society for the Promotion of Arts .
In 1869, at the expense of the Academy of Arts traveled to southern Russia - "to complete his education and the production of paintings from folk life" [4] .
Goravsky wrote to the Academy from Bobruisk County :
“Traveling from early spring, I was engaged in shooting sketches from nature from Russian nature and studying cows, calves, sheep and typical figures in order to connect the landscape genus with figures and animals. And in the month of July, having written from nature the very characteristic well-known “Pinsk Marshes”, from moist soil, greenery and the air there imperceptibly received a fever and rheumatism in his right leg. So I was forced to leave the work that I had begun and, having been cured, was again engaged in new materials, therefore, I lagged behind my business, which I would try to reward with all my strength in health. And then I will have the honor and pleasure to present your works to your excellence and the advice of the Academy of Arts for your own consideration, and at present I will do it until the cold banish me ” [5] .
In 1874, he joined the Society of Art Exhibitions, created under the auspices of the Academy of Arts. A year later, he lost his eighteen-year-old daughter, grandson and father.
In 1876 he met A. Trapeznikov, the heir to the merchant K. Trapeznikov.
In 1880 he bought the estate of Kirillovichi near Pskov , where he spent the summer months.
In 1885-1886 he traveled to Siberia , visited Irkutsk . Until the end of his days he remained creative.
He died on March 28, 1900 .
Creativity
While still a student of the Academy, during the holidays in his native village he painted a landscape painting “Swamp”, which in 1852 aroused the praise of the academic council and even acquired by the royal family [6] .
For his thesis - landscape "View in the Pskov province" he was a gold medal of the first dignity and the title of class artist.
He painted landscapes and portraits. Of the landscapes noteworthy: “View of an oak grove on the banks of the Svisloch river near Bobruisk”, “Italian landscape with a mountain lake”, “At home”, “Evening in the Minsk province”, “View in the vicinity of San Remo”, “Svisloch River”. From the portraits - K. Soldatenkova , M. Glinka , N. Benois, F. Bruni, Alexander II and others.
He was also interested in folk types: “An old woman prays,” “A peasant.”
Some of his paintings for his gallery were acquired by P. M. Tretyakov .
More than 40 paintings by A. Goravsky are also in the National Art Museum of Belarus .
Gallery
Landscape with a River and a Road, 1853 , National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
Evening landscape, 1855 , Stavropol Regional Museum of Fine Arts
Rural landscape, 1855 , National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
Portrait of Kozma Terentyevich Soldatyonkov , 1857 , State Tretyakov Gallery
At the Blacksmiths, 1862 , National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
Portrait of an Unknown Woman in a Black Dress, 1868 , State Russian Museum
At the easel, 1868 , National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
Portrait of the artist Fyodor Antonovich Bruni , 1871 , State Tretyakov Gallery
Evening in the Minsk province, 1870s , National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
Clover in bloom, 1895 , National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
Notes
- ↑ RGIA. - F. 1343. - Op. 19. - D. 3065; RGVIA. - F. 400. - Op. 12. - D. 18689 (1893)
- ↑ Apalinar Garaўsky = Apollinar Goravsky = Apalinar Garausky. Minsk: Belarus, 2014. - ISBN 978-985-01-1111-1
- ↑ 1 2 Goravsky // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ From a petition to the Council of the Academy of Arts of August 28, 1867 TsGIAL, f. 789, op. 14, d.42, l. 9
- ↑ G_storyya Belarusskaga mastastva at 6 vols. T. 3. - Mn. , 1989. - S. 209-216
- ↑ Domestic Notes, 1853, No. 3, p. 42
Literature
- Apalinar Garaўskі = Apollinar Goravsky = Apalinar Garausky / warehouse. N. M. Usawa. - Minsk: Belarus [1] , 2014. - ISBN 978-985-01-1111-1 . (belor.)
- Letters of artists P. M. Tretyakov. 1856-1869 / Comp. N. G. Galkin and M. N. Grigoriev. - M., 1960.V. 1;
- Letters of artists P. M. Tretyakov. 1870-1879. - M., 1968.T. 2.
- Drobau L.M. Belaruska mastaki XIX stagodzia. - Mn., 1971 (Belor.)
- Kurochkin Yu. M. Mikhail Benois and Apollinar Goravsky. Friendship and kinship // XXII Tsarskoye Selo conference “Russia - France. Alliance of Cultures. " 2016. - T. I. - S. 437-450.
- Krapak B. A. Värtanne imeonў: Nrysi pra mastastakў: 2 pr. Mn., Mastatskaya Literature, 2013-2014. (belor.)
- S. N. Kondakov. Anniversary Directory of the Imperial Academy of Arts. 1764-1914 . - St. Petersburg: Partnership R. Golike and A. Vilborg, 1915. - T. 2. - P. 51. - 454 p.
Links
- A. Goravsky. View in the estate of Count Kushelev (inaccessible link)
- A. Goravsky. Meditation in the Alps
- True dirty puddle (inaccessible link) .
- GORAVSKY Apollinariy Gilyarievich // Encyclopedia Polish Petersburg