Brudno, Alexander Lvovich

In 1941 he graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University.

In 1949 he defended his thesis for the degree of candidate of physical and mathematical sciences.

In 1953 he defended his doctoral dissertation.

Since 1969 - professor.

A. L. Brudno is one of the prominent figures that make up the tree of the school of the famous mathematician N. N. Luzin ^[1] . Brudno's scientific interests touched on a wide range of mathematical problems and problems. His works were connected with the theory of functions of a real variable and a detailed study of the properties of various functions and the basic concepts of mathematical analysis (such as continuity, differentiation, integration, etc.) and with the development of the theory of linear and nonlinear programming .

In the postwar years, the mathematician P. S. Novikov led at the Mathematical Institute. VA Steklova Academy of Sciences of the USSR Seminar on the development of theory of algorithms . One of the representatives of the same school, A. A. Lyapunov , recalled:

As a participant in this seminar, A. L. Brudno was involved in the creation of programs for the M-2 computer , which was developed in the early 1950s, by I. S. Brukom, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1954, A. L. Brudno went to work in the laboratory of I. S. Brook at the Energy Institute. G. M. Krzhizhanovsky of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , on the basis of which in 1958 the Institute of Electronic Control Machines (INEUM) was formed.

The Brudno-Kronrod seminar brought together an informal circle of mathematicians, programmers and economists working in various organizations, which included G. M. Adelson-Velsky , V. L. Arlazarov , V. D. Belkin, I. Ya. Birman, M. M Bongard , A. L. Brudno, M. Ya. Weinstein, E. V. Glivenko, D. M. Grobman, A. S. Kronrod , P. E. Kunin, E. M. Landis , I. Ya. Landau , A. L. Luntz and others. They were engaged in programming game tasks, recognition tasks, diagnostics and economics. The results of these studies led to the discovery of original methods of enumeration , in particular, the method of branches and boundaries , the construction of reference systems with logarithmic recording and search time, optimal planning, etc.

Alexander Lvovich was one of the first to approach programming as a mathematician and long before Western colleagues introduced the basic concepts of "system programming." ^[3]

The experience of programming tasks in M-2 codes led A. L. Brudno to develop a programming method in meaningful notation. ^[four]

One of the first in the USSR, A. L. Brudno, dealt with the problems of heuristic programming (artificial intelligence), formulated its basic principles (tree of game positions, search methods and limited depth). Developed (together with A. S. Kronrod, G. M. Adelson-Velsky, E. M. Landis and V. L. Arlazarov) the first algorithms ^[5] and programs of intellectual games. A. L. Brudno, who made a lot in the field of chess programming , made a noticeable contribution to the development of effective search methods.

In 1963, he first published the exact description and mathematical proof of the correctness of the cutoff method, which is now called the alpha-beta procedure . A. L. Brudno called it the method of faces and estimates ^[6] . Later, the alpha beta procedure was independently proposed by American mathematicians. The priority of the work of A. L. Brudno in this area is emphasized by D. Knut in the publication ^[7] and in the article translated into Russian ^[8] .

Alexander Lvovich was an enthusiast of intellectual games, developing “the abilities necessary for solving engineering problems, problems of management and economics” and contributed to the emergence of popular books that can “direct readers from entertainment to classes in mathematics and cybernetics” ^[9] .

In the 1960s, A. A. Lyapunov came to the conclusion ^[2] that a school course in mathematics should include familiarity with computers and programming ... In 1968, at the proposal of the United Nations, he prepared a report on pedagogical experiments conducted in Novosibirsk . In 1972, he began teaching classes in the 8th grade of 130th secondary school.

In the same year, the initiative was supported in Moscow by INEUM Director B.N. Naumov , who, on the basis of his institute, created the Moscow Training and Production Center for Computing Engineering (UTC VT) for high school students. His first supervisor was the head of the department of programming systems INEUM, mathematician and teacher, professor Alexander Lvovich Brudno, who attracted experienced programmers from the institute to teach. Teachers at the UOC-VT have gained unique experience at that time in developing the content of training courses on a wide range of information technologies (computer architecture, programming in assembly languages ​​for several generations of computers, data preparation technologies, computer components, etc.).

Brudno initiated the holding of regular programming Olympiads for schoolchildren, which actually turned into citywide. The experience of the UOC-VT quickly spread throughout the country.

Brudno was distinguished by his responsiveness and friendliness to colleagues and students, as well as to his own teachers. When in 1971 academician Pyotr Sergeyevich Novikov became seriously ill, Brudno took care of him at the academic hospital on Leninsky Prospekt. ^[ten]

In 1990, A. L. Brudno ^[11] resigned from INEUM in connection with his departure to Israel.

• A. Brudno, “ On functions uniformly continuous on B-sets,” Izv. USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. Mat .. - 1940. - T. 4 , no. 1 . - S. 105-112 .

• Brudno A. L. Continuity and differentiability // Mat. Sat . - 1943.- T. 13 (55) , no. 1 . - S. 119–134 .

• Brudno A. L. Summation of bounded sequences by matrices // Mat. Sat . - 1945 .-- T. 16 (58) , no. 2 . - S. 191–247 .

• Brudno A. L. On the dispersion substantiation of the method of least squares // Matem. Sat . - 1957.- T. 43 (85) , no. 1 . - S. 37–48 .

• Brudno A. L. An example of two Toeplitz matrices that are not boundedly contradictory and boundedly not covered // Izv. USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. Mat .. - 1958. - T. 22 , no. 2 . - S. 309-320 .

• Brudno A. L. Topology of Toeplitz fields // Izv. USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. Mat .. - 1959. - T. 23 , no. 5 . - S. 771–780 .

• Brudno A. L. Transitivity of the least squares method // Uspekhi Mat . - 1960.- T. 15 , issue. 3 (93) . - S. 137–138 .

• Brudno A. L. Summation of the countable number of sequences // Izv. USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. Mat .. - 1961. - T. 25 , no. 3 . - S. 385-410 .

• Brudno A. L. On the existence of a summation method stronger than given ones // Izv. USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. Mat .. - 1961. - T. 25 , no. 4 . - S. 591–600 .

• Brudno A. L. Facets and estimates for reducing enumeration of options. - M.: Problems of Cybernetics, 1963, no. 10, ss 141-150

• Brudno A. L. Introduction to programming. - M .: Nauka, 1965

• Brudno A.L. Programming in meaningful notation . - 2nd ed., Rev .. - M .: Nauka, 1968.

• Brudno A. L. Algol. - M.: Nauka, 1968, 70 p.

• Brudno A. L. The theory of functions of a real variable: selected chapters. - M.: Nauka, 1971, 119 p.

• Brudno A. L. Around the compass. Construction by compasses without a ruler // Quantum . - 1974. - No. 10 . - S. 2-9 .

• Brudno A.L. L.I. Kaplan. Programming Olympiads for schoolchildren / Ed. B.N. Naumova. - M .: Nauka, 1985, 96 p.

• Brudno A. L. The Lobachevsky method // Quantum . - 1989. - No. 4 . - S. 51-53 .

• Brudno A.L. L.I. Kaplan. Moscow programming olympiads. - M .: Nauka / Ed. B.N. Naumova. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. 1990, 208 p.

• Domestic electronic computing. Biographical Encyclopedia - M .: Metropolitan Encyclopedia, 2014, 400 p. ISBN 978-5-903989-25-6