Tonic (from the English tonic - tonic) is a bitter-acid soft drink . Often used to dilute alcohol , especially gin , and making cocktails .
Purpose
The drink was invented to fight malaria in India and Africa . At one time, the soldiers of the British East India Company mixed tonic with gin to score the harsh taste of quinine , so the still popular gin and tonic cocktail appeared. Thanks to quinine, tonic has strong sobering and anti - hangover properties [1] .
A medicinal tonic consists only of sparkling water and a lot of quinine. A tonic intended for use as a drink may contain corn syrup , sugar, or artificial sweeteners . In Vietnam, drinking tonic was used as a medicine designed to relieve withdrawal symptoms in addiction [2] .
Contents
Initially, the tonic contained only sparkling water and quinine , but over time, most companies began to add less and less quinine . As a result, it has become less bitter and more sweetened, often high in fructose, corn syrup or sugar. Some manufacturers produce dietary (compact) tonic, which may contain artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame .
In the USA, the content of quinine in tonic is limited to 0.083 ppm (83 mg per liter) [3] [4] . The therapeutic daily dose for children under 1 year is 100 mg. Until now, many doctors recommend it as a non-drug for leg cramps, but more and more medical studies show that a certain dosage is required in order not to harm yourself [5] [6] .
Notes
- ↑ Raustiala, Kal The Imperial Cocktail . Slate . The Slate Group . Date of treatment August 30, 2013.
- ↑ Building a Better G&T . WSJ Online (August 15, 2012).
- ↑ Achan, J. Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria (English) // Malaria Journal : journal. - 2011. - Vol. 10 , no. 144 . - P. 1-12 . - DOI : 10.1186 / 1475-2875-10-144 . - PMID 21609473 .
- ↑ 21 CFR §172.575 Quinine. . Date of treatment December 15, 2008.
- ↑ United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA Orders Unapproved Quinine Drugs from the Market and Cautions Consumers About Off-Label Quinine to Treat Leg Cramps (December 11, 2006). Date of treatment April 26, 2017. Archived January 13, 2017.
- ↑ Brasić, JR Should people with nocturnal leg cramps drink tonic water and bitter lemon? (Eng.) // Psychol Rep : journal. - Vol. 84 . - P. 355-367 . - DOI : 10.2466 / pr0.1999.84.2.355 . - PMID 10335049 .