Sofia ( Suffiu ; presumably Volodarevna , possibly also Vladimirovna ; c. 1141 - May 5, 1198) - Danish Queen, wife of Danish King Valdemar I. Presumably, the daughter of Minsk Prince Volodar Glebovich , or Novgorod Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich and Ryksa , the daughter of Boleslav III and the widow of Magnus the Strong .
| Sofia | |
|---|---|
| Birth | about 1141 |
| Death | |
| Burial place | |
| Kind | and |
| Father | Volodar Glebovich or Vladimir Vsevolodovich |
| Mother | |
| Spouse | and |
| Children | , , , , and |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Children [13]
- 3 Ancestors
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
Biography
It is not mentioned in Russian chronicles - it is known only from Western sources: the works of Saxon Grammatik [1] , The Knutling Sagas [2] , the genealogy of the Danish kings [3] , The Review of the Danes Kanung sagas [4] , the set of sagas “Beautiful Skin " [5] , the Danish annals [6] . Some Scandinavian sources give her name to the distorted ones - Sufi, Sifiya.
Her birthplace is unknown. The origin of the princess was controversial in historiography: it is traditionally believed that Sofia is the daughter of Volodar Glebovich and Ryksa , the daughter of Boleslav Krivoust ; this was most convincingly brought by J. Galen [7] . Baumgarten [8] and Pashuto [9] suggested that Sofia was the daughter of Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich of Novgorod, but in this case it must be assumed that Waldemar I married a cousin. A detailed review of points of view on the origin of Sofia is contained in the works of T. Jackson [10] .
After her mother Ryks married the Swedish king Sverker I , she followed her and was received at the Swedish court.
Sofia married (October 23, 1157 in Viborg ) to the Danish King Waldemar I , great-grandson of Vladimir Monomakh ; the marriage record contains a 12th-century chronicle Slavonic Chronicle by Arnold of Lübeck and Saxon Grammar .
“Valdemar the king of the Danes married Suffiu, the daughter of Valad, the king of Pulinaland and Queen Rikitsa” [11] .
The political context of this marriage, as well as the connections of the Polotsk-Minsk princes through Sofia with the dynasties of the Dukes of Braunschweig and the Landgraves of Thuringia , have not been studied [12] . Perhaps this marriage was intended to strengthen the alliance of Denmark with Sweden.
Sophia was engaged to Waldemar from 1154 and arrived in Denmark the same year, but the wedding was possible only after three years, as she was not recognized as old enough to get married. At this time, she was left behind under the supervision of a woman named Bodil. Since she had no property in Denmark, she was promised 1/8 of the estates of her half-brother Knud V. The wedding took place only after Valdemar was able to defeat his opponent in the struggle for the throne of Sven III .
Sofia took an active part in the then social life of Denmark. The sagas portray her as a beautiful, but domineering and cruel woman. So, according to them, she ordered her husband’s mistress Tove to be burned in the bathhouse and wounded his sister Kirsten.
The queen had two sons and six daughters. Survived by her husband (deceased in 1182).
Widowed, in 1184 she married Ludwig III , the Landgrave of Thuringia, who was 10 years younger than her. Sofia arrived in Thuringia with a large retinue. However, before setting off for the Third Crusade, Ludwig expelled her. In 1190, she divorced him and returned to Denmark.
She was buried next to her first husband in the royal tomb of Ringsted .
There are two of her later portraits (1580 and 1757) .
Children [13]
- Sophia ( 1159 - 1208 ) - from 1181 the wife of Siegfried III, Count of Weimar-Orlamunde ( 1150 - 1206 )
- Knud VI ( 1162 - 1202 ) - King of Denmark from 1182
- Margarita ( 1160/68 - pos. 1188 ) - nun in the monastery of St. Mary in Roskilde.
- Mary ( 1161/69 - pos. 1188 ) - nun in the monastery of St. Mary in Roskilde.
- Valdemar II Winner ( 1170 - 1241 ) - King of Denmark since 1202 , Duke of Schleswig 1188 - 1202
- Ingeborg ( 1175 - July 29, 1236 ) - from August 15, 1193 the wife of Philip II Augustus ( August 22, 1165 - July 14, 1223 ), the king of France from 1180 (the marriage was canceled in 1193 , but in 1200 recognized as valid)
- Helena (c. 1177 - 11.22. 1233 ) - from 1202 the wife of William I, Duke of Braunschweig-Luneburg ( 1184 - 1213 )
- Riksa (Richeza) (d. 1220 ) - from 1210 wife of Eric X Knutsson ( 1180 - April 10, 1216 ), king of Sweden from 1208
Ancestors
Notes
- ↑ Saxo. Lib. Xiv. Cap. XIX. P. 408;
- ↑ Knýtl. Bls. 242;
- ↑ SmHD. Bd. IP 184, 185;
- ↑ Ágr. Dan Bls. 334;
- ↑ Fask. Bls. 300;
- ↑ SRD. Bd. IP 340;
- ↑ J. Gallén. Vem var Valdemar den stores drottning Sofia? // Historisk Tidskrift för Finland. 1976. Årg. 61.
- ↑ Baumgarten N.A. Sophia of Russia, Queen of Denmark, and then Landgrain of Thuringian // Seminarium Kondakovianum. Prague. T. 4, 1931. C. 95-104; Yong Ms. Généalogies et mariages ... Table V, No. 45.
- ↑ Pashuto V.T. Foreign policy .... C. 421, genealogical. tab. 2, No. 17.
- ↑ Jackson T.N. Icelandic royal sagas as a source on the history of Ancient Russia and its neighbors: X-XIII centuries. // DG, 1988-1989. M., 1991. C. 163; Jackson T.N. Icelandic royal sagas about Eastern Europe (mid-11th - mid-13th centuries). M. 2000.S. 180-181.
- ↑ Litvina A.F. , Uspensky F. B. Choice of a name among Russian princes in the 10th-16th centuries A dynastic story through the prism of anthroponymy . - M .: Indrik , 2006 .-- 904 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-85759-339-5 . . S. 58
- ↑ Nazarenko A.V. Russian-German relations of pre-Mongol time (IX - mid-XIII century): State of the problem and prospects for further research // From the history of Russian culture. T. II. (Kievan and Moscow Russia). M .: Yask, 2002. ISBN 5-7859-0142-0 . S. 266.
- ↑ SOFIA Vladimirovna of Novgorod. (eng.) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment March 3, 2017.
Literature
- Samonova, MN. The Principality of Polotsk in the system of dynastic ties and political relations of Russia with Scandinavia and Poland in the 11th - early 13th centuries / M. N. Samonova // Studia Historica Europae Orientalis = Studies on the history of Eastern Europe: scientific. Sat Vol. 5. - Minsk: RIVSH, 2012 .-- S. 7-25.