Wang (title)

The title, apparently, is one of the oldest and did not belong to the hierarchy of five degrees of nobility ( gun , hou , bo , tzu , nan ) and stood above them.

The title has been used since the Shang Dynasty (trad. Dating 1600-1027 BC. E.), It is widely known for fortunetelling inscriptions . The supreme rulers of the Zhou dynasty (1045–256 BC) called themselves Van, emphasizing the antiquity of the title (for example, Wen-van - the Enlightened King).

As the influence of the Zhou dynasty weakened, the title was arbitrarily appropriated by the former Zhou nationals. According to Sima Qian, in the second half of the 4th century. BC. (period of the Warring Kingdoms) the ruler of Qi first used it for himself, then the rulers of Qi and Wei are mentioned by self-proclaimed bearers, and after them the same practices are adopted by Qin and Chu, and subsequently the rulers of other kingdoms. Originally disagreeing with such a violation of ritual norms, Zhao's kingdom soon followed suit. As a result, by the time of the unification of China into an empire, the title had lost the connotation of supreme power and was replaced by Qin Shihuang with Huangdi皇帝, the latter has since bears the meaning corresponding to the original meaning of the concept of wang .

In the early imperial period, the title is devalued to the level of specific sovereign. They were vested with rulers regarding the independent possessions that were part of the empire. In this sense, the title received a meaning akin to the European titles “ Duke ” or “Grand Duke”. From the time of the Han empire, the title was still assigned to the heir to the throne, until he ascended the throne, as well as to close relatives of the ruling male family (in this sense, the title is equivalent to the European concepts of " prince ", " infant ", " prince " and " prince of imperial blood ”).

Awarding the title of van was the exclusive right of the emperor, however, during periods of feudal strife, there were frequent cases of appropriation of this title by the most influential feudal lords. So, Liu Bei , having founded the kingdom of Shu , before taking the title of emperor, held the title of Hanzhong Wang.

In the Taiping Uprising, Hong Xiuquan (1813–1864) again used the term van to denote a claim to supreme power. As in the Zhou Dynasty ( Chunqiu Chronicle), the term "heavenly van " appears in Taiping documents.

See also: Know the Tang Empire

During the period of the Tang Empire ( 618 - 907 ), the highest aristocracy, represented by the Van, received wide advantages in the property and legal sphere. Imperial laws distinguished three categories of Van: Qinwan, Syvan, and Junwan.

Wang Administration

The Vanam were allowed to maintain their own administration, which had all the signs of a state: Wangfuguan China. 王府 官 .

• 1 Fu kit. 傅 Educator : rank accompanying 3rd.

As stated in the dynasty annals: "Supported and corrected in case of errors and omissions."

• 1 Ji Jianjun Chinese. 諮 議 參 軍事 Associate Counselor : Primary 5th.

Developed general concepts and discussed current affairs.

• 1 Ju . 友 Companion : rank following the 5th lowest.

He accompanied the van, reminded him of the rules of conduct as necessary.

• Shidu China. 侍讀 Serving Readers

Combination posts.

• 1 Wansue, Chinese文學 Literary scholar : rank accompanying the 6th highest.

He headed the van library.

• 2 Jiu China. 祭酒 Sacrificers of Sacrificial Wine : rank of 7th highest accompanying.

One in the Western House, the second in the East. The guests of honor were introduced into the princely house, especially scientists and sages.

Courtyard officials:

• 1 Zhangshi China. 長史 Chief Administrator : rank accompanying the 4th highest.
• 1 Sima China. 司馬 Leading in important matters : the rank that accompanies the 4th lowest.
• 1 Yuan Chinese. 掾 Small manager : rank 6th highest.

He monitored the execution of current affairs.

• 1 Shu China. 屬 Small steward : rank 6th highest.

He was engaged in the same thing as the yuan, but in other departments.

• 1 Chjubu China. 主 簿 Registrar : rank accompanying the 6th highest.

He executed the orders of the van.

• 2 Jishi Chanjunshi Chinese. 記 室 參 軍事 Internal Participating in Secretary's Affairs : rank of 6th highest.

They made representations of the van to the emperor or heir to the throne.

• 1 Lushi Chanjunshi Chinese. 錄 事 參 軍事 Associate Secretary : rank of 6th senior.

He was in charge of the transfer of cases, checked for delays, checked and endorsed the documents, made copies and registered them.

• 1 Lushi China. 錄 事 Secretary : rank accompanying the 9th lowest.

• 1 Guntsao Canjunshi Chinese. 功 曹參 軍事 Meritorial Aide : Main 7th highest rank.

He took into account the officials of the court, wrote them down, checked the fulfillment of tasks by them, dealt with their supply and kept order in the workplaces.

• 1 Tsantsao Tsanjunshi Chinese. 倉 曹參 軍事 Accessory for the granary department : rank 7th highest.

He was in charge of the payments of grain feeding, cooking in the kitchen, bringing in / out products, purchasing products, harvesting game and fish, hay and straw.

• 1 Hutsao Chinajunshi Chinese. 戶 曹參 軍事 Accessory Affairs Officer : Principal 7th Highest .

He took into account the peasant households of the estates of Van, servants. Engaged in hunting, decorated road.

• 1 Binzao Canjunshi Chinese. 兵 曹參 軍事 Accessory Affairs Officer : Principal 7th highest rank.

He was in charge of the guards: lists, checked the merits, the guard of honor, regalia, vacations and business trips.

• 1 Qitsao Chanjunshi Chinese. 騎 曹參 軍事 Equestrian Affairs Partner : Rank 7th highest.

He was in charge of horses, stables, pastures, chariots, badges, military equipment.

• 1 Fatsao Chanjunshi Chinese. 法 曹參 軍事 Judicial Affairs Officer : Principal 7th Highest .

He was in charge of investigations, punishments at court (except for criminal ones).

• 1 Shitsao Chanjunshi Chinese. 法 曹參 общественных Public works accomplice : rank 7th highest.

He was in charge of earthworks and public buildings.

Each Cao Tsanjunshi in submission had: 2 scribes (史), and one storekeeper (府, two only from the courtyard hutsao).

• 2 Chanjunshi Chinese. 參 軍事 Business accomplice : primary 8th lowest rank.
• 4 Xing Chanjunshi Chinese. 行 參 軍事 Travel Assistant in business : rank accompanying the 8th highest.

Sent, as necessary, for field checks.

• 2 Dianqian China. 典 簽 Official guardians of the official documentation : rank of accompanying 8th lowest.

They promulgated Van orders and sent them to the appropriate authorities.

Qinwang Allotment Administration

The brothers of the reigning emperor and his sons (except for the heir) received huge land grants and their own inheritance - Van Guo 王國 , where the Van Qinwango administration ит 國 was created accordingly. In the dynastic chronicles there is no evidence that the Van administration controlled the inheritance instead of the imperial government, so, most likely, the administration was engaged in servicing the van and its entourage.

• 1 Lin China. 令 Chief : rank following the 7th lowest.

Leading the administration, resolved all issues.

• 1 Datong, Chinese 大 農 Great Farmer : rank accompanying the 8th lowest.

He helped Lina and was in charge of tax revenues.

• 1 Wei China. Став Bailiff : rank is the main 9th lowest.
• 1 Cheng China. 丞 Bailiff's assistant : rank accompanying the 9th lowest.
• 1 Xueguanzhang Chinese. 學 官 長 Commander in charge of training : rank 9th lowest.

He taught palace women (from aristocrats to maidservants inclusive).

• 1 Cheng China. 丞 Assistant : rank accompanying the 9th lowest.

He helped shueguanzhangu.

• 1 Shiguanzhang China. 食 官 長 Power over : Primary 9th lowest rank.

He was in charge of food supplies and cooking.

• 1 Cheng China. 丞 Assistant : rank accompanying the 9th lowest.

He helped Shiguanzhang.

• 2 Jumujang China. 廄 牧 長 Commander of stables and pastures : primary 9th lowest rank.

The animals of the van and their grazing were in charge.

• 2 Cheng China. 丞 Assistants : rank accompanying the 9th lowest.

Helped Jumuzhang.

• 2 Danfujan China. 廄 牧 長 Commander and guardian : Primary 9th lowest rank.

Managed warehouses, were responsible for the safety of things.

• 2 Cheng China. 丞 Assistants : rank accompanying the 9th lowest.

Helped dangfujang.

About 350 people.

• 2 Dianjin Chinese. 典 軍 Guardians of the army : primary rank 5th lowest.
• 2 Fu Dianjun Chinese. 副 典 軍 Comrade guardians of the army : rank 5th basic lowest.

They were in charge of syaovei during the organization of security and escort. Knew the horses of the guards and harness.

• 5 (or 2) Xiaowei China. 校尉 Superintendent Bailiffs : rank accompanying the 6th highest.
• 3 (according to “Tan Liu Dian”) Liushuai China. 旅 帥 Leaders of the company : rank accompanying the 7th lowest.
• 7 (according to “Tang Liu Dian”) Duizheng China. 隊 正 Platoon police officers : rank accompanying the 8th lowest.
• 7 (according to “Tang Liu Dian”) Duif China. 隊 副 Fellow Platoons : rank accompanying the 9th lowest.

Also:

• 16 Zhizhan Qinshi of China. 執 仗 親事 Nearest guards with ceremonial weapons : primary 8th lowest rank.

They relied on bows and other ceremonial weapons.

• 16 Zhicheng Qinshi Chinese. 執 乘 親事 Nearest exit guards : primary 8th lowest rank.

Had a horse and chariot van. These guards could be: sons and grandchildren of award officials of 2-1 ranks, honorary 5-1, Xiannan (small aristocrat) or higher.

About 650 people.

• 2 Dianjin Chinese. 典 軍 Guardians of the army : rank 5th highest.
• 2 Fu Dianjun, Chinese. 副 典 軍 Comrade guardians of the army : rank accompanying the 5th lowest.

The rest are either in personal protection,
or according to "Tan Liu Dian": 3 xiaovei, 7 liushuaev, 13 duisheng and duifu.

• Juan
• Tae-wan
• fuma kit. 驸 马

• Van, title // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.