Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev (Poletov [2] ) ( June 9 [22], 1909 [3] - February 2, 1945 ) - Soviet soldier, member of the Italian Resistance movement during the Second World War, Hero of the Soviet Union , national hero of Italy.
| Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 F. A. Poletaev on a postage stamp of the USSR | ||||
| Nickname | The Poet | |||
| Date of Birth | June 9 (22), 1909 | |||
| Place of Birth | Katino village, Ryazan province [1] , Russia | |||
| Date of death | February 2, 1945 (aged 35) | |||
| Place of death | near the city of Cantalupo Ligure , Italy | |||
| Affiliation |  USSR →  | |||
| Type of army | infantry | |||
| Years of service | 1931 - 1933 , 1941-1945 | |||
| Rank | Private guards , partisans | |||
| Part | 1st Guards Motor Rifle Division , 9th Guards Rifle Division , partisan battalion of the Orest brigade of the Pinan Chicero division | |||
| Battles / wars | The Great Patriotic War | |||
| Awards and prizes |
| |||
Biography
Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev was born in the village of Katino into a peasant family. Russian Primary education.
In 1923 he went to work in the suburbs of Moscow, in the village of Power Transmission of the Pavlovo-Posad District. He worked as a loader in peat mining. In the same place in 1929 he married Maria Nikanorovna Kalinina.
In 1931, Fyodor Andrianovich and his wife returned to their homeland, in the village of Katino, where in May they had a daughter, Alexander.
In the same year, in the fall, he was drafted into the Red Army , served in the artillery regiment of the Moscow Proletarian Rifle Division . In the army he mastered the profession of a blacksmith.
After demobilization in 1933, Fyodor Poletaev returned to the village, took his wife and children (his son Misha was born in 1932 ), and went to the Kuban in the village of Staromyshastovskaya , where he worked as a blacksmith. However, in January 1935, due to illness of children, the family was forced to return to their homeland, in the village of Katino. In the same year, grief happened in the Poletaev family: the children became ill with polio . Son Misha died, and the daughter of Shura managed to overcome the disease, but remained deaf and dumb forever. After that, they moved to the village of Petrushino (now part of the Gorlovsky rural settlement of Skopinsky district of the Ryazan region ), where in the autumn of 1936 they had a daughter, Valya, and then two sons: in 1938, Nikolai, and in 1940, Mikhail.
In August 1941, Fyodor Poletaev was mobilized. He fought in the 28th Guards Artillery Regiment, 9th Guards Rifle Division . Member of the battle for Moscow . In the spring and summer of 1942, he fought on the Don .
In June, parts of the division were surrounded. In July 1942, in the area of the village of Razdolnoye Guard, a private soldier (according to some sources, a sergeant) Poletaev was seriously wounded and was mistakenly declared dead (according to a certificate from the Archive of the USSR Ministry of Defense, he was buried in a mass grave in this village). On the other hand, for some time Poletaev was considered a defector to the Germans, he was searched for by a special division of the division, and the battery commander was interrogated by SMERSH . And only after the war it became known that Poletaev was captured.
The fate of Fyodor Poletaev was as follows: he was taken out of the battlefield by his comrades, but due to a serious wound in the leg he had to be left in one of the farms, where he had been treated for three months, and having recovered, he decided to go to his own or cross the front line , or seek a connection with the partisans. He was captured, but fled that night. He tried to go out again to his own, but was caught by the police .
He passed prisoner of war camps in Vyazma , Berdichev , in Mielec . Once in a camp near the town of Slavonski Brod , in March 1944 he fled with a group of prisoners of war, but was soon again caught and sent to a work team in Italy, near Genoa .
In the summer of 1944, with the help of the Italian Communists, he fled and joined the partisan battalion under the command of Nino Franchi of the Orest brigade of the Pinan Chicero division. Among the partisans, he received the nickname "Poetan."
He participated in many military operations of Italian partisans who attacked the Nazis in the area of the Genoa - Serravalle Scrivia motorway .
In early 1945, the Germans launched a large-scale punitive operation against partisans in Liguria . Parts of the Turkestan Legion took part in the operation. In the Valley of Lightning Valley-Skrivia near the town of Cantalupo, the partisans of the battalion engaged in battle with German punishers and forced them to go on the defensive. But it was necessary to make them surrender before reinforcements arrived. Then Fyodor Poletaev went on the attack and, firing from a machine gun, ordered the Germans to surrender. Next came the partisans. The Germans began to drop their weapons, but at the last moment one of them shot Poletaev. A bullet pierced his throat.
Fyodor Poletaev was buried with all honors in the cemetery in the town of Rocketta. After the war ended, his ashes were reburied in Genoa at the Staglieno cemetery .
On May 25, 1947, in Genoa, the Soviet Consul was presented with the following awards for transferring to the Hero’s family: a gold medal “For Military Valor” on a blue moire ribbon and a bronze five-pointed star - a sign of the fighter of the Garibaldis partisan brigade . On the reverse side of the coin is the engraved name - Fedor Alexander Poetan. This award of Italian resistance in Italy itself has received few.
Only on December 26, 1962 by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Fedor Poletaev was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumous). This happened due to the fact that the Soviet writer and public figure Sergei Smirnov , having studied documents and photographs, proved that the man named Fedor Poetan was a Soviet soldier Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev.
Awards and titles
Soviet state awards and titles:
- Hero of the Soviet Union ;
- Order of Lenin .
Italian awards:
- Gold medal “For military valor” ;
- Garibaldi Medal .
Memory
| External Images | |
|---|---|
| Photo from the book "Soldier Fyodor Poletaev" | |
| Last photo of F. A. Poletaev . Date of treatment October 31, 2012. Archived November 20, 2012. | |
| Place of death . Date of treatment October 31, 2012. Archived November 20, 2012. | |
| Grave in the cemetery "Staleno" . Date of treatment October 31, 2012. Archived November 20, 2012. | |
| The Italian medal with the image of F. A. Poletaev . Date of treatment October 31, 2012. Archived November 20, 2012. | |
- The hero is buried in Genoa at the Staleno cemetery. On the grave is a marble slab; framed by a bronze laurel wreath, a photograph of the Hero and the inscription in gold: “FEDOR ANDRIANOVIC POLETAEV <FIODOR> MEDAGLIA D'ORO CANTALUPO LIGURE 2.2 1945 / Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev. (Fedor). Golden medal. Cantalupo Ligure 2/2 1945. "
- Monument in Ryazan on the street bearing the name of the Hero (opened December 24, 1970).
- Monument in Moscow at the intersection of Fedor Poletaev Street and Yeseninsky Boulevard ( SEAD ).
- Monuments in Italy in the cities of Genoa and Cantalupo Ligure .
- Monument in the city of Krasnogorsk (Kiziltog), Republic of Uzbekistan. Destroyed by the authorities in 2014 [4] .
- Bas-relief in the memorial "Pavlovososadniki - Heroes of the Great Patriotic War" in Victory Park, Pavlovsky Posad .
- Streets Poletaeva in Lipetsk , Moscow , Miass , Skopin , Chernivtsi , Mariupol , Karaganda , Temirtau , Tuapse and Ryazan.
- Street Fyodor (via Fiodor) in the city of Genoa, named after Fyodor Poletaev.
- Oil tanker in Italy bears the name of the hero.
- In Soviet times, the name of Poletaev was carried by the pioneer squad of school No. 336 in Moscow.
- In 1963, documentary filmmaker Viktor Petrovich Lisakovich made the documentary "His name was Fedor." The film won the Silver Pigeon Award, IFF of Non-Fiction and Animation Films in Leipzig, in 1963.
- In the last minutes of the film “ Some Old Men Go to Battle” documentary footage shows the grave of Fyodor Poletaev in Genoa.
Monument to F. Poletaev in Cantalupo.
Medal with the image of Fedor Poletaev and Alcido Worms , released in Italy.
Monument to Fedor Poletaev in Ryazan.
Notes
- ↑ Now Skopinsky district of the Ryazan region .
- ↑ Skopinsky historical society
- ↑ Skopinsky historical society
- ↑ AsiaTerra. In Uzbekistan, two more monuments to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War were demolished .
Literature
- V.P. Bashkov, A.V. Zhdanov. Soldier Fyodor Poletaev. - M .: Moscow Worker, 1974, 1978.
Links
- Poletaev, Fedor Andrianovich . Site " Heroes of the country ".