Technical improvement of soils ( English soil improvement ) - a science that develops the theory and methods of purposefully improving the composition, physical condition and physico-mechanical properties of soils in accordance with the requests of various types of construction in order to positively change the quality of certain sections (volumes) of the geological environment that have experienced technogenic impact of various profiles.
Content
Structure and Relationship with Other Sciences
Technical land reclamation is closely related to engineering geology , construction and environmental geology . The correlation of engineering geology and technical soil reclamation is shown in Fig.
Development History
Separate ideas and technical solutions in the field of artificial improvement of rocks have arisen for a long time, however, only at the beginning of the XX century, on the basis of general technological progress, the possibilities for attracting various methods of exposure and materials for soil reclamation expanded dramatically; rock cementation in hydraulic engineering; liming , cementation and bituminization of soils in road construction.
The end of the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s was marked by the emergence of a large number of new methods for the artificial improvement of soils : silicatization , claying, cold bitumenization, electrodrainage, heat treatment of loess soils and, somewhat later, resinization .
By the end of the 1930s, technical soil reclamation in the USSR was formed as an independent branch of science and technology. This is evidenced by the creation by this time of a solid organizational base of research work that has been successfully developed at Leningrad and Moscow Universities , at the Vodgeo Institute under the leadership of B. A. Rzhanitsyn, at the VNIIG named after Vedeneev led by A. N. Adamovich, at the Institute of the Union Research Institute, such studies were headed by V. M. Bezruk.
In 1938, the course of technical soil reclamation was first taught at Moscow University and, thus, the training of specialists in this field has begun. The subsequent development of technical soil reclamation is associated with the names of such scientists as: M. M. Filatov , V. V. Okhotin , M. Yu. Abelev, S. S. Morozov , V. M. Bezruk, B. V. Tolstopyatov, E. G. Borisova, V. G. Samoilov, V. E. Sokolovich, S. D. Voronkevich, G. I. Bannik, G. N. Zhinkin, V. M. Knatko, I. M. Litvinov and others.
Methods of technical land reclamation
Existing methods are grouped into three groups.
The first group of methods relates to hydro-geomechanical land reclamation, traditionally referred to as soil compaction and drainage, and includes all types of drainage, electroosmotic drainage, and all soil compaction methods.
The second one is the essence of geochemical (or physico-chemical) land reclamation: these are all types of injections, the combination of soils with various binders and the temperature treatment at which the soils are fixed .
The third - geotechnical land reclamation, more often found in the literature under the name soil reinforcement - combines all types of combining soil masses or soil massifs with spatial structures from elements of increased strength.
See also
- Land reclamation
- Geopolymer injection
Literature
- Basic concepts of engineering geology and environmental geology: 280 basic terms./ Ed. V.T. Trofimova. - M., JSC Geomarketing, 2012, 320 p.
- Voronkevich S. D. Fundamentals of technical soil reclamation. - M .: Scientific World, 2005.498 s .;
- Korolev V.A. Current status and prospects for the use of electrokinetic technologies in construction and solving environmental problems. - Engineering Geology, 2012, No. 4, p. 32-40;
- Rzhanitsyn B. A. Chemical fixation of soils in construction. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1986. 264 p.
Electronic Editions
- Technical land reclamation - http://www.es.rae.ru/teh-mel/ (inaccessible link)