Sulfoxides are organic compounds with the general formula R 1 R 2 SO
Content
Nomenclature
The name acyclic sulfoxides is formed from two organic radicals bonded to a sulfur atom, to which the word "sulfoxide" is added, for example: (CH 3 ) 2 SO - dimethyl sulfoxide , (C 2 H 5 ) 2 SO - diethyl sulfoxide. The name cyclic sulfoxides is formed from the name of the corresponding heterocycle with the termination βoxideβ, for example, thiacyclohexane-1-oxide.
The chemical structure of sulfoxide molecules
The structure of sulfoxide molecules is a distorted pyramid. In the case of dimethyl sulfoxide, the characteristics of the molecule are as follows:
| Link Length S = O | 0.147 nm |
|---|---|
| SC bond length | 0.182 nm |
| Link Length CH | 0.108 nm |
| OSC Angle | 107 Β° |
| CSC Angle | 100 Β° |
The IR spectra of sulfoxides are characterized by absorption bands in the region of 1050-1060 cm -1 , which correspond to stretching vibrations of the S = O group.
Physical Properties
Sulfoxides are colorless, volatile liquid or crystalline substances. Soluble in most organic solvents; lower sulfoxides dissolve in water.
Properties of some sulfoxides:
| Compound | Molecular weight g / mol | Melting point, Β° Π‘ | Boiling point, Β° Π‘ / pressure, mm Hg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dimethyl sulfoxide | |||
| Diethyl sulfoxide | |||
| Dibutyl sulfoxide | |||
| Diphenyl sulfoxide |
Retrieval Methods
Sulfoxides are obtained mainly by oxidation of the corresponding sulfides. Oxidizing agents are hydrogen peroxide in an acidic environment, nitrogen oxides , hypochlorites and some other oxidizing agents.
Chemical Properties
Literature
- Chemical Encyclopedia in five volumes. Paul - Three. - M .: "The Big Russian Encyclopedia", 1995. - T. 4. - ISBN 5-85270-092-4 .