Boiler room

Extreme points of the island

• Northern tip - Cape Anisy
• Western extremity - Cape Pink ( Cape Walter )
• Southern tip - Cape Bear
• Eastern tip - Cape Annunciation.
• The highest point is Mount Malakatyn-Tas , 361 m ^[3] .

Geology

It is composed of limestones and schists ^[2] . The relief is hilly with heights of up to 361 m ^[3] (Mount Malakatyn-Tas ).

Water

The rivers are small and shallow, flow in narrow valleys, with the exception of Balyktakh , at the mouth of the latter an insignificant Tsareva Bay is formed. The fish (from Balyk ) river is named for the abundance of fish in it, especially catfish . Other rivers of the western coast, which are nevertheless more significant than the eastern ones, starting from the northern side of the island are as follows: Krestovaya, Sannikova, Reshetnikova, Khastyur-u-takh, Chukochya, Rozsoha, Khreptovaya and Urasiha, on the southeastern side of the island of the Volokitina, Yeniseyskaya river, on the eastern side of the Balyktakh River, Precious, and others. On the banks of the Precious and Sannikova, in huge balls of hardened clay, ammonites of considerable size are found .

The largest lake is Evsekyu-Kuel .

Flora and Fauna

It is located in the zone of arctic deserts with rare grass and shrubbery among stone placers and polygonal soils ^[2] .

The fox fishery is developed ^[2] . A reindeer population was also noted on the island ^[5] . There are also polar bears and partridges.

On the island are the remains of extinct animals (dwarf mammoth ^{[6] [7]} and others). Traces of processing left by an ancient man were found on fragments of tusks of one of the mammoths in 2019 ^[8] .

There are polar stations (since 1933 ) ^[2] and dwellings of hunters - cooks .

Stations:

• Strait of Sannikov
• Boiler Island
• Pace

By the time the Russians arrived, the island was uninhabited, although there were traces of a visit to the Yukagir people (poles of a yurt, skids) on it ^[9] . The island was discovered by industrialist Ivan Lyakhov in 1773 ^[4] . When Lyakhov told about his discovery upon his return, the surveyor Khvoinov soon moved to the island. On the shore of the island, he saw a copper pot left by Lyakhov's companions. Khvoinov measured the island, described it and called it Kotelny ^[10] .

In 1805, the clerk of the merchant Syrovatsky, the head of the industrial artel, the tradesman Sannikov , wishing to expand the crafts of his master, went east from Kotelny Island and discovered Faddeevsky Island.

In 1809, Gedenstrom , who arrived on Faddeevsky Island with a surveyor Kozhin and the tradesman Sannikov , instructed the first to describe Faddeevsky Island, and the second to explore the strait between Faddeevsky and Kotelny; he himself went to the island of New Siberia . Kozhin described the western, southern, and eastern shores of Faddeevsky Island; Sannikov crossed the strait in many places, finding its width from 7 to 30 miles. Other members of the expedition were surveyor Pshenitsyn and non-commissioned officer Reshetnikov.

In 1811, Sannikov again traveled around Faddeevsky Island and explored the rivers flowing into the sea, and the space between the Kotelny and Faddeevsky Islands, which was considered a strait, turned out to be a bay , and the islands of Kotelny and Faddeevsky made up a single land mass.

In 1822, Captain Peter Anjou explored the western and northeastern parts of the Faddeevsky Peninsula.

On the island is the grave of Dr. German Eduardovich Walter - a member of the Russian polar expedition (1900-1902) under the leadership of Eduard Toll . Its members were looking for the legendary Sannikov Land . The reburial of the remains took place on July 29, 2011 ^{[11] [12]} .

In September 2013, the restoration of a military base began on the island, which was abandoned after the collapse of the Soviet Union . ^{[13] The} restoration of the base on the Novosibirsk Islands is part of a large-scale program of the Russian Ministry of Defense to resume the permanent military presence of Russia in the Arctic . ^[14] On Kotelny Island, it was decided to build a stationary berth for receiving barges and middle-class vessels, similar to the berth on Novaya Zemlya Island , and also use Tiksi Port as the base point for the delivery of material resources, which will enable the delivery of supplies, including the number of wintering for three months. ^[15] According to the statement of the First Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia, Army General Arkady Bakhin , the grouping of ships of the Northern Fleet began to carry out the main activities in the Novosibirsk Islands. He also said that the Temp airfield will be restored and improved on the Novosibirsk Islands. In October 2016, he will be able to receive An-26 , An-72 and An-74 aircraft . ^[16] In the future, the runway will be expanded and lengthened so that Temp can receive the heavy An-22 and Il-76 aircraft , and in the future use it for strategic aviation operations. On the night of March 13-14, 2014, an airborne battalion of the 98th airborne division of 350 people, along with cargo and military equipment, was landed on an island near a military airfield during the exercises. The personnel were landed with the help of controlled crossbow special-purpose parachute systems. After the landing, the soldiers “captured” the Temp airfield for 40 minutes. Such exercises in the Russian Arctic were conducted for the first time. ^[17]

On September 6, 2014, a caravan of Northern Fleet ships departing for the island, bringing armored personnel carriers, tractors, and mobile housing units to the island ^[18] . The 99th tactical Arctic group will be located on the island, for the deployment of which the construction of a military camp began ^[19] .

The climate is arctic , severe. Snow lies 9-10 months a year. The average July temperature is +2.9 ° C, but at night the temperature drops to −6 ° C. And only on certain warm days can the temperature rise to higher values. From November to March thaws are excluded, in April the absolute maximum temperature is 0.3 degrees. The coldest month average and minimum temperature is February (-29.7 and −49.9 degrees, respectively). Temperatures below −30 degrees can be observed from October to April.

Seas

From the west, the island is washed by the Laptev Sea . Kotelny Island is a natural boundary that borders this sea from the east and separates it from the East Siberian Sea (from Cape Anisy in the far north of the island to Cape Medvezhy in the far south).

From the north, east and south, the island is washed by the East Siberian Sea.

Lagoons

The largest lagoons (all belong to the Laptev Sea):

• Bad
• Nerpalah
• Laguna Pshenitsyna
• Lagoon Reshetnikova
• Lagoon Station

Gulfs

Bays of the East Siberian Sea:

• Precious Lip
• Big Lip
• Gedenstrom Bay
• Yakov Smirnitsky Bay
• Malygintsev Bay

Gulfs of the Laptev Sea:

• Lip of Nerpich
• Arctic Stakhanovtsev Bay

Straits

• Strait of Annunciation (refers to the East Siberian Sea) - separates from the island of New Siberia .
• Sannikov Strait (refers to the East Siberian Sea) - separates from the island of Small Lyakhovsky .
• Strait of Zarya (refers to the Laptev Sea) - separates from Belkovsky Island.

Islands

The nearest large islands (in brackets the direction and minimum distance to the coast of the island of Kotelny are shown):

• New Siberia (east 26 km)
• Belkovsky (west 23 km)
• Small Lyakhovsky (55 km to the south)
• Pillar (south-west 97 km)
• Hidden (0.1 km east)
• Zheleznyakova (northeast 29 km)
• group of Hoptolokh islands (northwest 20 m)

• Rivers of Kotelny Island
• Kötöt-Küel

• Jules Verne . Caesar Cascabel = César Cascabel. - Adventure novel. - 1890. A family of circus artists during their journey from North America to France through Canada, Alaska and the Russian Empire found themselves on Kotelny Island in captivity with a "tribe of Finnish descent."
• Obruchev V.A. Sannikov Land . - A science fiction novel. - 1926.
• Ivanov V.L. Archipelago of two seas . - M .: Thought, 1978. - 160 p. - ISBN no. BBK 91 (98) I-20.
• Leo Lipkov. Means of transport on the island of Kotelnoy (Russian) . Polar Post Today. - a story. Date of treatment December 4, 2010. Archived February 19, 2012.