Orenburg Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile School (Military Institute)

1936 The Orenburg anti-aircraft artillery military school was formed in Orenburg to prepare command personnel for the air defense (Directive of the General Staff of the Red Army No. 4/2/20446 of 12/26/1935). Colonel Viktor Zaborovsky, Colonel Viktor Bronislavovich Zaborovsky, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, was appointed the head of the school. April 2, 1936 - the School Day was established by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated 05/30/1959. October - the end of the formation of the school and the first set of cadets in the amount of 200 people from among the conscripts of the Orsky and Buzuluksky military commissariats and the Red Army military units.

Young people aged 17-23 years with an education of at least 9 high school classes were admitted to the school. The school had 16 combat and one training guns of the 1931 model, three searchlight stations on cars, had 7 ChTZ tractors, 6 GAZ-A vehicles and one ambulance as vehicles ^[2] . The first issue of the school newspaper "Our Sight". The structure of the school: management, a division of cadets with double batteries (1 battery - 76 mm cannons and 2 batteries of 37 mm cannons), artillery division and control platoon, searchlight company, park company with all services and an air squad.

1937 March 16 - School of anti-aircraft artillery by order of the People's Commissar of Defense dated 03.03.1937 No. 36 was transformed into the Orenburg school of anti-aircraft artillery . March 20 - the school was named after G.K. Orzhonikidze . Increase the recruitment of cadets to 400 people. The school is visited by the Commander of the Volga Military District, 2nd rank commander P.E.Dybenko. Three-day tactical exercises were conducted, and then combat training firing on a cone towed by an aircraft from 76 mm cannons of the 1931 model using PUAZO- 2. The large-circulation newspaper began to be called “Combat Training”.

1938 May - an increase in cadet batteries to 12 with a distribution into 4 divisions (commanders: Goncharenko A., Samoilov N. M., Stavtsev I. V., Biryukov M. ^[3] ). The first sports day was held. Championship in athletics and swimming. 35 km throw march, including 1 km in gas masks. The best result is 6 hours 7 minutes ^[4] . October - the first early release was made.

January 1939 - graduation of officers. February 23 - the entire staff of the school, headed by the head of the school, took the Military Oath of allegiance to their people ^[5] . The training period has been reduced by six months. Five cadets graduated with honors, the rest - in the first and second category. Some graduates were awarded the title of political instructor ( Mikhalov V.S. , Lobanov S.D., Morev P.I. et al.). May - exchange of party and Komsomol documents. Some graduates (Prosin N.V., Bolokhvitkov V.N., Gribanov T.A., Nikolaev K.A., Rudenko D.S., Naumov N.I. and others) participated in the defeat of the Japanese group of forces in the region Khalkhin Gol River ( Mongolia ). The draft age has been reduced from 21 to 19 years, and for secondary school students - to 18 years. September is the second regular release of lieutenants , as well as the first graduation of junior lieutenant courses. All released 963 people. December - formation of fighters of the division to provide anti-aircraft artillery batteries to be sent to the front in Finland .

1940 February - the next (third) issue (24 - with honors, 229 - in the first and 109 - in the second category) and the early release of cadet volunteers to be sent to the front (Vinogradov S.N., Volkov P.V., Gotseridze D. V., Zhuravlev M. A., Kleimenichev G. A., Kordas M. N., Marakurin V. N., Medyantsev V. P., Polovnikov Y. N., Pomozov L. F., Savelyev M. M. , Standin A.P., Kholmanskikh V.F., Khorin G.P., Chebotaryov N.G., Shevchenko I.I., Yardakov G.A.). From the family members of the military, several teams of junior medical personnel were formed, who worked for free in a military hospital. March - received new training programs, the focus is on the practical component. More attention was paid to special training. The school day is extended to 10 hours. 15% of the study time is devoted to self-study under the guidance of a teacher. New weapons were received for study: 76-mm anti-aircraft guns mod. 1939 , 85-mm anti-aircraft guns mod. 1939 , POISO -3. August - the school was transferred to the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army . October - the school switched to four-battery divisions. Military commissars were abolished, a post was introduced - deputy commander for the political part.

In anticipation of World War II, the school carried out five early graduations (from the summer of 1939 to April 1941 ) and 2020 anti-aircraft gunners were trained. The total number of variable composition was 1600 people.

1941 April , 31 - early (4) release (38 “excellent”, 355 - in the second category, 310 - in the third). June-July - 1447 people were enrolled in the school. The school was transferred to programs with a shortened study period (6-9 months). A number of subjects were excluded from the curriculum. The theoretical part of the disciplines was minimized. The training was purely practical. Classes were held 12-14 hours a day ^[6] . , Martial artillery firing with 2 divisions was conducted. Less successful firing at ground targets (tanks). Also, the tasks of forming units and units according to the mobilization plan were solved: tank and cavalry schools, parts of the 360th Infantry Division, battalions of political fighters of the Orenburg region ^[7] . July - a hospital was equipped for wounded in 7 wards by the forces of military families (secondary school No. 27 of Orenburg), the beginning of fundraising for the defense fund. July 20 - early release of 147 people without exams on average annual ratings as a lieutenant ^[8] , of which 60 people were assigned to the Military Council of the Moscow Military District. August - collected by the school 38,000 p., More than 156,000 bonds of the state loan, 33,000 p. deducted from salaries, entered values ​​in the form of gold and silver ^[9] . September , 3-10 - verification of the school by the headquarters of the Volga Military District. October - a rifle battalion was formed from among the cadets of the school to be sent to the front. November-December - 424 political workers were released, later 501 political workers and 630 lieutenants , 200 of them to defend Moscow . The school contributed 50,000 p. for the construction of a tank column.

1942 January , 2 - graduation of 80 political workers. Bilateral tactical exercises of two divisions were conducted ^[10] . April - graduation of 892 officers. A set of 173 military personnel who have gone through the school of war. May-August - training courses for female tractor drivers for state farms and state farms of the region were organized (142 people, 105 of them graduated well and excellently). 70% of graduates volunteered for the front ^[11] . July - transition to a ten-month training period ^[12] , the school was tested by the Head of the Department of Higher Education of the Air Defense Forces of the country. In 1942, in connection with the fascist troops entering the Stalingrad region, the school was entrusted with the task of air defense of the city of Chkalov ( Orenburg ) from three firing positions (Shevchenko St., railway bridge over the Ural River, near the school). Cadets carried combat duty around the clock. September - an anti-aircraft battery of 200 people was formed from among the cadets, which went away for an internship in the Stalingrad air defense corps. The battery participated in battles to defend Stalingrad , encircle and destroy a group of Nazi troops. November - 8th edition (592 people). Family members of servicemen gathered for the families of the evacuated and the orphanage No. 5 - clothing, shoes, dishes, bedding. They took the children to raise the dead soldiers (Grigoryeva L., Smirnova E., Elcheva V.).

In 1942, the school prepared for the needs of the front 1,494 anti-aircraft commander .

During 1941-1942, the enemy lost 4652 aircraft , of which 2035 were destroyed by anti-aircraft artillery fire ^[13] . In this number of downed planes, there is a proportion of college graduates.

1943 January - The school had: 85 mm cannons - 15, 87.6 mm cannons - 6, 37 mm cannons - 5, POISO - 10, rangefinders - 12. Cadets, without completing the training course, volunteered for the airborne troops . 387 political fighters released. Introduced new insignia - epaulettes. From the newly recruited cadets formed 4 and 7 batteries. Release 01.1942 is delayed due to new program requirements. February - early release of 33 lieutenants, 11 junior lieutenants. An internship was introduced in the troops of the army (Stalingrad - 160 people, Voronezh - 50, Tula - 50, Bologoe - 100). March - 10th issue - 48 people for a 10-month program. March 3-11 - graduation of 302 cadets for a 3-course program ^[14] . May - 11th edition of the 10-month program ( lieutenants - 76, junior lieutenants - 73). June - internship of the 1st division consisting of three batteries in Gorky (automobile plant) under the leadership of Lt. Col. Stepenko F.A. Cadets received combat experience. July - internship for 200 cadets in the Gorky air defense corps under the leadership of Major F.I.Savinov. They took part in the hostilities of the Gorky air defense district. September - 12th edition (204 junior lieutenants ). Reorganization of the staff structure of the school (reduction to 2 divisions with a staffing of 800 people). Transition to new terms of study. October - 13th edition (190 officers).

The competition for the right to fight as part of a small-caliber anti-aircraft battery, built on funds raised by the school personnel and transferred to the Moscow Air Defense Front, was launched, so the school command petitioned the Military Council of the Air Defense Territory of the country to allow this battery to be equipped with graduate cadets who had completed well school. For the patriotic initiative and material assistance to the front, the Chairman of the USSR State Defense Committee sent a telegram addressed to the school command:

Give cadets, commanders, family members of command personnel and civilian employees and employees of ChZAU, who collected 335 thousand 696 rubles for the construction of a battery of small-caliber anti-aircraft guns, military greetings and thanks to the Red Army. The desire of the personnel will be fulfilled. I. Stalin .

- Orenburg Red Banner. M: Military Publishing, 1988, p. 67

In 1943, the manning of the school was carried out, as a rule, only at the expense of candidates who arrived from parts of the army.

January 1944 - 182 junior lieutenants were released under a 10-month program. May - teaching staff in the army. August 18 - the school was awarded the Red Banner of a new sample. October - December - three issues (1 category - 90 people, 2 - 294, 3 - 283) ^[15] .

In total, during the war years, he made 12 graduations and trained about 5,000 officers .

1945 Autumn - transition to a two-year term of study. September - artillery firing (2 year). December - graduating cadets from the 1944 recruitment program according to the accelerated program, checking the school by the commission of the Artillery Commander of the South Ural Military District

1946 Transition to a three-year term of study. Cadets began to be granted short-term leave. A military game of the district was held with the leadership of the school. The school introduced a credit system. August - graduation of officers, 1944 recruitment for the reduced program. A course of lectures on the history of the Great Patriotic War was introduced.

1947 Laboratories for tactics, shooting, instruments, radio equipment were created. The first time after the war, cadets were taken to camps. During the war, military units were stationed in the camps. In this regard, large dugouts were equipped with a capacity of 250-300 people each. By 1947, earthen barracks, a club, a canteen, and classes became worthless. In a short time, conditions were created for living and studying cadets. September is the first post-war release of lieutenants .

1948 Set-offs for military engineering training, chemical defense, military administration, and higher mathematics are introduced.

1949 August - graduation of officers for a three-year program. On the eve of state exams, military artillery firing and tactical exercises were conducted. December - entered the 100-mm anti-aircraft system .

1950 Received 57-mm automatic anti-aircraft guns and PUISO- 7. Special classes have been created in the educational building with samples of anti-aircraft guns, devices, anti-aircraft machine-gun installations, SON-4 and SON-9 radar stations, stands and panoramas.

1952 A school history room with a board of honor was opened.

1953 The school was inspected by the Artillery Commander of the Soviet Army.

1954 Along with the training of anti-aircraft artillery specialists (commanders of fire platoons and control platoons), the school began training commanders of instrumentation and radio engineering platoons.

1957 May - June - The school was inspected by a commission of the Minister of Defense of the USSR.

1958 February - the school was renamed the Orenburg anti-aircraft artillery school named after G.K. Ordzhonikidze and on February 17 it became part of the Volga military district in connection with the dissolution of the South Ural military district. September - the school began training missile officers in connection with the entry into service of the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces of anti-aircraft missile systems and radio equipment.

1959 September - the entire staff of the school took part in military exercises with the use of atomic weapons, conducted by the Minister of Defense of the USSR (town of Totsk , Orenburg Region ). The cadet anti-aircraft regiment was marked by order of the commander of the artillery of the Soviet Army.

1960 The first military training of graduate cadets in anti-aircraft missile units after the war was organized and conducted. Cadets took part in the exercises of the troops.

1961 In the fall, the school was visited by Hero of the Soviet Union Yu. A. Gagarin .

1962 A cadet teahouse was opened. During the internship, 79 graduate students passed the class exam "Operator of the 3rd class of technical equipment". Marshal of the Soviet Union K.S. in implementing the requirements of the XXII Congress of the CPSU to ensure the security of our beloved Homeland "

1963 An abnormal teaching room is created. A joint tactical exercise was conducted with the troops under the leadership of the District Troops Commander , Colonel General I. G. Pavlovsky. A mixed choir was created with the workers of the Orenburg garment factory No. 1 under the direction of the military conductor of senior lieutenant I. D. Gaidenko. The song “The Orenburg anti-aircraft gunners are coming” was written. Words - V.I. Golyasova. Music - I. D. Gaidenko. Classroom classes with cadets replaced by seminars. In the educational process, group teaching machines were used (GOM-1 and GOM-2K, built on the basis of the ST-35 telegraph apparatus). Developers: N.V. Prosin and D.I. Tenen. The first programming class was created in the city and region. 69 rationalization proposals have been implemented. Two military camps were equipped in the field training center under the leadership of Colonels N.P. Naumov, D.I. Tenen, Major V.M. Popov, and Sergeant Major N. S. Shagimordanov.

1964 The first master of sports of the USSR in the school was Lieutenant E. Rashchupkin

1965 An amateur film “Cadet Weekdays” was shot. Scenario Colonel Gonchar-Zaikin. Music by Senior Lieutenant I. Gaydenko An Essay on the History of the School (1936-1965) was published. Prepared 3 volumes of extracts from archival materials about the school. An album of photographs has been compiled, conversations with veterans of the school on magnetic tape are recorded. More than 150 officers, cadets and soldiers wrote reports asking them to send them as volunteers to assist the people of Vietnam in the armed struggle against American aggressors. 30 driver wars aimed at the virgin lands of Kazakhstan.

1966 For the 30th anniversary of the school, the 2nd educational building was commissioned, where the history room of the school is equipped. A greenhouse has been built on the territory to express vegetables in the winter. On the basis of the school, training was held for the senior staff of the higher defense air defense forces. The school had 6 masters and 5 candidates for the master of sports of the USSR.

In the late 1960s, the school was transferred to the category of higher military educational institutions, which required a limited time to equip it with qualified teachers, raise the level of educational and methodical work, create the necessary educational and laboratory base, move to a new organizational and staff structure, where the basis was not cycles, but departments. At the same time, the school completed the training of cadets studying under the secondary school program.

1968 February - awarded the Order of the Red Banner . July 17 - the school was renamed the Orenburg Higher Anti-Aircraft Artillery Command Red Banner College named after G.K. Cycles replaced by departments. Ordzhonikidze . September , 1 - transition to a four-year training program.

1969 A military-patriotic school was created with a two-year term of study for young men in grades 9-10 under the guidance of reserve colonel N. M. Yakshin.

1970 The cadet club was commissioned. The school was visited by Hero of the Soviet Union A.S. Eliseev . Graduate student V.V. Torshin fulfilled the norm of an international-class master of sports and fulfilled a pistol shooting record. By the end of the year, the college had 31 candidates for master of sports. Formed a battalion to assist in harvesting in the Orenburg region.

1971 Motto of the year: “The year of the 24th Congress of the CPSU is the year of excellent study.” The latest graduation of officers trained in the secondary school program. A course project has been introduced. The military-patriotic school was named after A. A. Brykin .

1972 First graduation of officers with higher military special education.

1973 May 23 - transformed into the Orenburg Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School named after G.K. Orzhonikidze . October - the beginning of the training courses for military specialists of the air defense forces for the armies of the Warsaw Treaty : the Czechoslovak People’s Army and the National People’s Army of the GDR .

1989 July - 248 people graduated, including 3 people with a gold medal. September - the department of anti-aircraft missile weapons of medium-range air defense systems (S-300V) was established on the basis of the department of radar guidance stations. The first head of the department was appointed Colonel V. S. Beznosik.

1990 An automated command post was created and the starting positions of the studied complexes were refitted. 337 people were issued, including 4 people with a gold medal.

1991 On the basis of the school, a methodical gathering of the leadership of universities and training centers of the Air Defense Forces was conducted under the leadership of Colonel General Yu. T. Chesnokov, the head of the Air Defense Forces. 302 people were issued, including 3 with a gold medal.

1992 Organizational and staff activities were carried out, the department of combat use and general tactics was excluded, the department of tactics (general) was created on it. The department was headed by Colonel Yu. V. Krutikov. The construction of a tactical field with a control strip, crossing section, engineering and chemical towns has been completed. A new dining room for 2,000 seats was put into operation. On the basis of the Directive of the General Staff of the General Forces D-564/0576 dated 05.16.1992, the department of radar reconnaissance stations and automatic control systems of the RTS and air defense systems was formed. On the basis of the old canteen, the creation of a new educational building for the department of intelligence radar and automated control system began. Training classes with a material part are created. The department was headed by Associate Professor Colonel G. A. Bostrikov. A training site was equipped on which the studied radar and intelligence systems were located. The department has begun training specialists. 276 people were released, 6 of them with a gold medal.

1993 New examples of automated control tools arrived. The school began to prepare the educational and material base and the development of curricula and programs in connection with the transition to a five-year period of study. 276 people were issued, including 2 people with a gold medal.

1994 September , 1 - transition to a five-year period of study.

1995 First graduation of specialists in radio intelligence equipment and automated control systems of the RTS and air defense systems (2 platoons).

1998 August - the school acquired the status of the Military University of the Air Defense Forces of the RF Armed Forces (branch, Orenburg) .

2005 Renamed the Orenburg Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile School (Military Institute) .

2008 June - 88 (last) graduation of the school.

By order of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 8, 2008 No. 137-r, the school was liquidated and in December 2008 the training of cadets was transferred to the Military Academy of Military Air Defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation named after Marshal of the Soviet Union A. M. Vasilevsky . In total, 25022 officers were trained by the school for the state.

• Volkova I., teacher of mathematics (1937)
• Naboykin A.A., captain (1939)
• Kulchinsky V.D., captain (1939)
• Startsev T., teacher of the cycle of socio-economic disciplines (1940)
• Schegolev S., senior political worker , teacher of party history (1942)
• Koval E., senior lieutenant , teacher of artillery (1942)
• Savinov F.I., major , teacher of tactics (1943)
• Matyushkin D. Ya., Lieutenant colonel , teacher of tactics (1943)
• Lapshin K.N., major , artillery teacher (1943)
• Gershkovich A. L., lieutenant colonel , head of the chemical service (1943)
• Grigoryev I., captain , senior teacher of artillery (1943)
• Lukashevich B., senior lieutenant , teacher of topography (1943)
• Afanasenko I.V., lieutenant colonel , chief of a cycle of tactics (1945)
• Tenen D.I., lieutenant colonel , chief of a cycle of tactics (1945)
• Solodovnikov N. D., lieutenant colonel , head of the anti-aircraft artillery firing cycle (1945)
• Radygin F. I., lieutenant colonel , head of the socio-economic cycle (1945)
• Luzin I.I., lieutenant colonel , head of the cycle of the material part of ZA (1945)
• Suslin A. I., lieutenant colonel , head of the automotive training cycle (1945)
• Beznosikov G. D., Major , Head of Engineering Service (1947)
• Usmansky V.M., Major , Instructor for Instruments (1948)
• Karasov G.M., Major , Instructor for Instruments (1948)
• Pisarev V., captain , teacher of radio engineering (1948)
• Sokolov A.I., major , lecturer in the radio engineering service (1948)
• Rokhlin Yu. I., lieutenant colonel , teacher of the socio-economic cycle (1948)
• Izmailov V.P., captain , teacher of the socio-economic cycle (1948)
• Popkov F. D., lieutenant colonel , teacher of the history of military art (1952)
• Romanov G.G., major , teacher of the history of military art (1952)
• Rokhlin Yu. M., lieutenant colonel , teacher of the cycle of special economic disciplines (1952)
• Izmailov V.P., captain , then major , Ph.D. , teacher of the cycle of special economic disciplines (1952)
• Vasiliev P.F., captain , teacher of the cycle of special economic disciplines (1952)
• Mukasimov G.G., colonel , head of the cycle of special economic disciplines (1958), Izmailov V.P., Gonchar-Zaikin P.P., Belikov M.S., captain , candidate of sciences Kononov A.N., Gubanov M. A., Orlov S.V.
• Sokov A.I., Colonel , Head of the cycle (1958), Byshevsky G.M., Melnik V.Ya., Samsonenko S.N., Kupreychenko I.S.
• Yakshin N.M., Colonel (1960)
• Zhupikov P. Ya., Lieutenant colonel (1960)
• Mamai A.P., lieutenant colonel (1960)
• Senkovsky S.I., lieutenant colonel (1960)
• Skokov V.M., lieutenant colonel (1960)
• Kucheryavy T. L., lieutenant colonel (1960)
• Aleshkin G.I., major (1960)
• Terekhin A.G., major (1960)
• Prosin N.V., Colonel , Head of the cycle
• Khodakovsky A.V., Colonel , Head of the cycle
• Gubanov M.F., major (1963)
• Loskutov I.D., major (1963)
• Stasyukaitis V.I., major (1963)