Pants - antlers of the deer during their annual growth, have a tubular non-keratinized structure, are filled with blood , covered with thin velvety skin with short soft hair. In the eastern traditional healing systems ( China , Korea ), antlers are widely used to preserve strength and youth, they are at the very top of the drugs used and are comparable only with ginseng .
Deer antlers cut from a living or killed animal are processed in various ways:
- traditional method of air drying with intermediate scalding to prevent microbial and parasitic contamination
- freeze drying at low temperatures
- vacuum drying
and others.
Dried deer antlers lose 28-30% of the initial data in weight [1] .
To obtain antlers from the end of the 19th century, antlers of Siberian subspecies ( red deer , red deer and sika deer) are bred in captivity. In the Russian Federation, antler reindeer husbandry is most developed in the Altai Republic (more than 70 thousand animals) and the Altai Territory ; there are separate farms in other regions. Antler reindeer husbandry is also widely developed in Kazakhstan , where red deer and sika deer live, with antlers of very high quality.
Antlers of the Siberian deer are considered the most valuable (the range is the Kazakh and Russian parts of Altai). Antlers are the subject of traditional exports, mainly to Korea (in the Republic of Altai in 2006, exports amounted to about 40 tons [2] ).
Usage
The alcohol-water extract isolated from antlers is used in traditional medicine and pharmacology as a general tonic and adaptogenic drug. In the USSR, the deer antler extract was registered under the Pantokrin trademark [3] back in 1970. This drug can be used as part of complex therapy for asthenia (overwork), neurasthenia and arterial hypotension .
Antlers are also raw materials for the production of a significant number of complexes of biologically active substances. In the 1990s, Russia began the study and production of pantohematogen from the blood of antler deer obtained during the period of antlers cutting.
Antler reindeer husbandry is widely developed in Kazakhstan , China , and New Zealand (more than 2 million animals).
Used for the preparation of antler baths .
According to a number of studies, antler-based dietary supplements have various effects on human health, but are not fully understood. The reason is a lack of awareness of such a thing as preparations from antlers of maral.
History of the development of the antler farm
The process of domestication of maral began in 1792 by the Sharypov brothers, who carried out fishing in the area of the Bukhtarma river in the South-West Altai. The first reindeer breeder of Primorye is considered Semen Yakovlevich Ponosov. In the early stages of antler reindeer husbandry, farmers caught only males and kept them in pens. The animals were kept in a cage all year round and did not use pasture, therefore the quality of harvested antlers decreased. After realizing this mistake and correcting it, by enclosing large, highly productive pastures with a variety of pasture and being in the natural environment, the antler farm began to actively develop.
In Altai, by the end of the 19th century, more than 200 maralniks with a livestock of 3,180 maralis were already functioning. With the advent of large farms and the growing popularity of pantotherapy in Altai in the 30s of the XX century, new problems began to arise that required scientific justification. A variety of studies began to be conducted on the creation of numerous preparations from antlers, to study the healing properties, to develop a methodology for conducting wellness procedures. And in 1933 a research laboratory of antler reindeer husbandry was created, the task of which was to answer questions posed to the new field. Its founder was a prominent scientist - pathophysiologist, professor S. M. Pavlenko. A significant contribution to the pharmacology of antlers and drugs was the development of the tablet form of pantocrine, registered in 1986 as an invention.
Until the 70s of the XX century, the international pantoproducts market was divided between the USSR, China and South Korea. However, since the 1980s, the world market has come to recognize the profitability of antler farming - the demand for antlers and dietary meat, as well as high profitability. And new participants actively began to appear on the antler and deer breeding market - New Zealand, Australia and Canada. In modern times, the value of antler and deer antlers is increasingly recognized and competition in the international market is only growing [4] .
Notes
- ↑ The influence of the structural and kinematic parameters of the screw chopper on the quality of the products and the productivity of the machine // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. - 2012. - Issue. 12 (75) . - S. 127–132 . - ISSN 1819-4036 .
- ↑ Altai Republic Report, June 2007
- ↑ Medical Drug Reference Pantocrine at www.ros-med.info Archived September 13, 2016 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Industry news . // meat.su. Date of treatment May 24, 2012. Archived on August 17, 2012.