Zemstvo medicine is the first form of medical care for the rural population in the Russian Empire . It arose immediately after the abolition of serfdom [1] .
Before its occurrence, healers were almost the only source of medical care in rural areas [2] .
History
In 1864, Zemstvo self-government was introduced. In some provinces, zemstvos were entrusted with public health care, and therefore zemstvo medicine was created. In the formation of zemstvo medicine, a large role was played by scientific societies, for example, the Society of Russian Doctors , the Society of Don Doctors (established in 1871) and others.
With the advent of zemstvo medicine, there has been a change in the idea of the role of the physician: from a doctor and / or paramedic selling services for money, to medicine as a social service. The development of zemstvo medicine has led to an increase in the number of both doctors and paramedics.
One of the important events of zemstvo medicine was a massive sanitary-statistical study of incidence, physical development and demography with the aim of improving sanitation in Russia and organizing medical care for the peasantry. Many zemstvo doctors became famous in this field: B. A. Singer and others.
Organization
Initially, a doctor invited by the zemstvo , traveled around the feldsher points of the county, living in the city himself. Then this system was replaced by a stationary one when a local hospital appeared in the village, consisting of a hospital with 5-10 beds, an outpatient clinic , a maternity and syphilitic ward, an apartment for a doctor, etc.
By 1910, 2686 medical plots were created, 3,100 doctors were in the service of the zemstvos, and each doctor on average served a plot with a radius of about 17 miles , where 28,000 people lived. M. A. Bulgakov , who worked as a zemstvo doctor in the Smolensk province , vividly described this period of his life in the novel “ Morphine ” and in the collection of short stories “ Notes of a Young Doctor ”.
The organization of medical care on the principle of territorial affinity, inherent in Zemstvo medicine, formed the basis of Soviet health care and passed on to Russian medicine .
Zemsky doctors
- Category: Zemsky doctors
Notes
- ↑ Zemstvo medicine // Medical Encyclopedia.
- ↑ Smilyanskaya E. "Before superstitions, magical rituals and fortune-telling appeared . About fortune-telling, healers, and whooper in Russia.
Literature
- Zemsky medicine / M. B. Mirsky // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vol.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- Zemsky medicine // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Zemstvo medicine . Medical Encyclopedia. Archived on May 16, 2012.
- Kapustin M. Ya. Zemsky medicine // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.