Oil station

The oil station includes the following components:

• Primary engine - electric , hydraulic , pneumatic , internal combustion engine (gasoline or diesel). Designed to convert the corresponding type of energy (electrical, mechanical energy of a liquid or compressed gas, chemical energy of fuel) into kinetic energy of rotational or translational motion .
• Hydraulic pump - gear , vane , axial plunger , radial plunger or plunger pump . Designed to convert the kinetic energy of rotational or translational motion into mechanical energy of a liquid.
• A hydraulic tank is a metal or plastic tank containing a working fluid, which is used mainly for transferring energy to the actuator - a hydraulic motor ( hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic motor ). It has a built-in neck with a filter for filling the working fluid.
• Pipeline - a system of channels, which can consist of high pressure hoses , metal pipes, slabs of modular and butt mounting. Serves to connect a hydraulic pump with various kinds of control, regulating and distributing hydraulic equipment. It provides the transfer of the fluid flow pumped by the hydraulic pump to the actuator and its return to the hydraulic tank.
• Drain filter - a device that filters the working fluid, which returns from the actuator (hydraulic motor) to the hydraulic tank.

Depending on the purpose and operating conditions, the oil station may include the following additional components:

• A suction filter is a device that filters the working fluid that is sucked in by a hydraulic pump from a hydraulic tank.
• Pressure filter - a device that filters the working fluid pumped by a hydraulic pump.
• Pressure control devices - safety , bypass , unloading, pressure reducing and other types of pressure valves . Designed to control the pressure of the working fluid in the system or its individual circuits.
• Flow control devices - chokes , flow regulators and other types of flow valves. Designed to control the flow of working fluid in the system or its individual circuits.
• Switchgears - check valves , hydraulic distributors and other types of control valves. Designed to distribute the flow of working fluid in the system or its individual circuits.
• A hydraulic accumulator is a vessel capable of accumulating the energy of a working fluid and giving it away at the right moment in time. There are three types of batteries - cargo (energy return occurs due to changes in the potential energy of the cargo), spring (due to deformation of the spring) and pneumohydraulic (due to compression and expansion of the gas). Designed to power the system in emergency situations, compensate for leaks, dampen pulsations, dampen water shocks, etc.
• Heat exchanger (oil cooler) - a device that cools the working fluid. It can be air or water.
• TEN ( tubular electric heater ) - a device designed to heat the working fluid. Installed in the hydraulic tank.
• A manometer is a visual device for monitoring the pressure of a working fluid in various parts of a hydraulic system. It can be analog (arrow) or digital (electronic).
• Sensors - elements of a measuring, signaling, regulating or controlling device of a system that convert a controlled quantity into a signal convenient for use. Used to measure pressure, flow rate , level and temperature of a liquid in a hydraulic tank, degree of contamination of filter elements.
• Relays are electromechanical devices designed to switch electrical circuits for given changes in electrical and non-electrical input quantities. Two types of relays are used - a pressure switch (opens or closes the electric circuit when the set pressure is reached) and an oil level switch (opens or closes the electric circuit when the set oil level is reached in the hydraulic tank).
• Control panel - a panel with installed control elements of the oil station, control and indication devices. It can be with mechanical or touch (tactile) control . It can be installed either directly on the oil station, or separately from it.
• The control panel is a remote control device for the hydraulic equipment of the oil station (pressure, flow valves, directional control valves, etc.). It can be foot (pedal) or manual. It is connected to the oil station via an electric cable or via a radio channel (when installing a radio control unit on the oil station).

The prime mover (e.g. electric motor) transmits the torque to the hydraulic pump via a coupling . The working fluid is sucked up by the pump from the hydraulic tank through the suction filter, then it is piped to the control and distribution hydraulic equipment and then to the actuator. After completing the work, the working fluid through the pipeline and the drain filter returns to the hydraulic tank.

• Nominal working pressure , MPa ( megapascal ) - the highest overpressure at which the oil station must operate for a specified service life while maintaining parameters within the established norms.
• Nominal flow , l / min (liters per minute) - the largest volume of fluid pumped by the hydraulic pump (or group of pumps) of the oil station per unit time.
• Useful volume of the hydraulic tank , l ( liter ) - the maximum amount of working fluid contained in the hydraulic tank, which can be used to perform work in the hydraulic system.
• Power of the drive (primary) engine - measured in kW ( kilowatts ) or l. with. ( horsepower ) - the amount of engine work performed per unit of time.

Oil stations are divided:

1. By design:
   • fixed ^[1] or mobile - mounted in a single body and / or frame, having carrying handles or eyelets for slinging , can be equipped with wheels or runners;
   • stationary (pump hydraulic module) - mounted aggregate in a special room or directly on the equipment;
   • self-propelled - mounted on a self-propelled chassis, the hydraulic system of the oil station can be used as a drive.
2. By type of drive (primary) engine:
   • with electric drive;
   • with hydraulic drive;
   • with pneumatic drive;
   • with diesel drive (ICE);
   • with petrol drive (ICE).
3. By nominal pressure:
   • low (up to 16 MPa)
   • medium pressure (up to 40 MPa);
   • high pressure (up to 150 MPa);
   • ultra-high pressure (over 150 MPa).

Oil stations are mainly designed to provide hydraulic power to hydraulic tools and equipment:

• static hydraulic tools;
• wrench systems and wiring tools;
• dynamic hydraulic tools;
• construction and railway equipment;
• slurry pumps;
• drilling equipment;
• presses and injection molding machines ;
• systems of controlled lifting and moving of large-sized, large-tonnage objects and structures;
• test benches ;
• various technological equipment.

May also be used:

• for supplying liquid lubricant to critical units of machines and equipment for lubrication and cooling;
• for pumping, cleaning and filtering oils and liquids based on them;
• for testing hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic machines, hydraulic equipment, tanks and pipelines.

1. Sveshnikov V.K. Machine-tool hydraulic drives: Handbook. - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M.: Mechanical Engineering. 1995 .-- 448 pp., Ill. (B-ka constructor). ISBN 5-217-02463-1
2. Kornyushenko S. I. The device of hydraulic drives of mobile machines. - M .: NFP, 2011 .-- 112 p.

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